在Firepower 4100系列中配置ASA主用/主用故障切换

简介

本文档介绍如何在Cisco Firepower 4145 NGFW设备中配置主用/主用故障切换。

先决条件

要求

Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：

• 思科自适应安全设备(ASA)中的主用/备用故障切换。

使用的组件

本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本：

• 思科Firepower 4145 NGFW设备(ASA) 9.18(3)56
• Firepower可扩展操作系统(FXOS) 2.12(0.498)
• Windows 10
  
  

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。

背景信息

主用/主用故障切换仅适用于在多情景模式下运行的安全设备。在此模式下，ASA在逻辑上划分为多个虚拟设备，称为情景。每个情景都作为独立设备运行，具有自己的安全策略、接口和管理员。

主用/主用故障切换是自适应安全设备(ASA)的一项功能，它允许两个Firepower设备同时传输流量。 此配置通常用于负载均衡场景，在该场景中，您希望在两台设备之间拆分流量以最大化吞吐量。它还用于冗余目的，因此，如果一个ASA发生故障，另一个可以接管，而不会导致服务中断。

流量传输

在主用/主用故障转移中，可以采用多种模式处理流量，如下图所示。

流量传输

流量传输条件1

• 主设备：组1 =主用，组2 =备用
• 辅助设备：组1 =备用，组2 =主用

流量传输条件1

流量条件2

• 主设备：组1 =活动，组2 =活动
• 辅助设备：组1 =备用，组2 =备用

流量条件2

流量条件3

• 主设备：组1 =备用，组2 =主用
• 辅助设备：组1 =主用，组2 =备用

流量条件3

流量条件4

• 主设备：组1 =备用，组2 =备用
• 辅助设备：组1 =活动，组2 =活动
  

  流量条件4

网络图

本文档介绍了基于此图的主用/主用故障切换的配置和验证。

failover lan unit primary failover lan interface fover E1/4 failover link fover_link E1/8 failover interface ip fover 192.168.240.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.240.253 failover interface ip fover_link 192.168.250.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.250.253 failover group 1　　　<--- group 1 is assigned to primary by default preempt 30 failover group 2 secondary preempt 30 failover prompt hostname state priority context

b.配置情景的故障切换组（在主设备的系统情景中运行命令）。

admin-context admin context admin <--- admin context is assigned to group 1 by default allocate-interface E1/3 config-url disk0:/admin.cfg context con1 allocate-interface E1/1 allocate-interface E1/2 config-url disk0:/con1.cfg join-failover-group 1 <--- add con1 context to group 1 ! context con2 allocate-interface E1/5 allocate-interface E1/6 config-url disk0:/con2.cfg join-failover-group 2 <--- add con2 context to group 2

c.运行 changeto context con1以从系统上下文连接con1上下文。为con1情景的接口配置IP（在主设备的con1情景中运行命令）。

interface E1/1 nameif con1-inside ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.10.253 security-level 100 no shutdown interface E1/2 nameif con1-outside ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.20.253 no shutdown

d.运行 changeto context con2以从系统上下文连接con2上下文。为con2情景的接口配置IP（在主设备的con2情景中运行命令）。

interface E1/5 nameif con2-inside ip address 192.168.30.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.30.253 security-level 100 no shutdown interface E1/6 nameif con2-outside ip address 192.168.40.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.40.253 no shutdown

第三步：辅助设备上的配置

a.通过SSH或控制台连接到辅助FXOS CLI。在辅助设备上配置故障切换（在辅助设备的系统上下文中运行该命令）。

failover lan unit secondary failover lan interface fover E1/4 failover link fover_link E1/8 failover interface ip fover 192.168.240.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.240.253 failover interface ip fover_link 192.168.250.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.250.253

b.运行 failover命令（在辅助单元的系统上下文中运行）。

failover 

第四步：成功完成同步后确认故障切换状态

a.在辅助单元的系统上下文中运行show failover。

asa# show failover Failover On Failover unit Secondary Failover LAN Interface: fover Ethernet1/4 (up) Version: Ours 9.18(3)56, Mate 9.18(3)56 Serial Number: Ours FCH23157YFY, Mate FCH23037U8R Group 1 last failover at: 17:00:56 JST Jan 11 2024 Group 2 last failover at: 17:00:56 JST Jan 11 2024 This host: Secondary　　　　<--- group 1 and group 2 are Standby status in Secondary Unit Group 1 State: Standby Ready Active time: 0 (sec) Group 2 State: Standby Ready Active time: 945 (sec) con1 Interface con1-inside (192.168.10.253): Unknown (Waiting) con1 Interface con1-outside (192.168.20.253): Unknown (Waiting) con2 Interface con2-inside (192.168.30.253): Unknown (Waiting) con2 Interface con2-outside (192.168.40.253): Normal (Waiting) Other host: Primary　　　　<--- group 1 and group 2 are Active status in Primary Unit Group 1 State: Active Active time: 1637 (sec) Group 2 State: Active Active time: 93 (sec) con1 Interface con1-inside (192.168.10.254): Normal (Monitored) con1 Interface con1-outside (192.168.20.254): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-inside (192.168.30.254): Normal (Waiting) con2 Interface con2-outside (192.168.40.254): Normal (Waiting) Stateful Failover Logical Update Statistics Link : fover_link Ethernet1/8 (up)

b.（可选）运行 no failover active group 2  命令，将主设备的组2手动切换到备用状态（在主设备的系统上下文中运行）。这样可以平衡通过防火墙的流量负载。

no failover active group 2

注意：如果运行此命令，则故障切换状态将与流量条件1匹配。

验证

当E1/1关闭时，会触发组1的故障切换，备用端（辅助单元）的数据接口会接管原始主用接口的IP和MAC地址，从而确保ASA持续传递流量（本文档中的FTP连接）。 

链路断开前链路断开期间

故障转移已触发

步骤1:启动从Win10-01到Win10-02的FTP连接

第二步：在故障转移前确认FTP连接

运行 changeto context con1可从系统上下文连接con1上下文。确认已在两个ASA设备中建立FTP连接。

asa/act/pri/con1# show conn 5 in use, 11 most used
 ! --- Confirm the connection in Primary Unit TCP con1-outside 192.168.20.1:21 con1-inside 192.168.10.1:49703, idle 0:00:11, bytes 528, flags UIO asa/stby/sec/con1# show conn 5 in use, 11 most used
 ! --- Confirm the connection in Secondary Unit TCP con1-outside 192.168.20.1:21 con1-inside 192.168.10.1:49703, idle 0:00:14, bytes 528, flags UIO

第三步：主设备的LinkDOWN E1/1

第四步：确认故障转移状态

在系统情景中，确认故障切换发生在组1中。

注意：故障切换状态与流量条件4匹配。

asa/act/sec# show failover Failover On Failover unit Secondary Failover LAN Interface: fover Ethernet1/4 (up) ...... Group 1 last failover at: 20:00:16 JST Jan 11 2024 Group 2 last failover at: 17:02:33 JST Jan 11 2024 This host: Secondary Group 1 State: Active　　<--- group 1 of Secondary Unit is Switching to Active Active time: 5 (sec) Group 2 State: Active Active time: 10663 (sec) con1 Interface con1-inside (192.168.10.254): Normal (Waiting) con1 Interface con1-outside (192.168.20.254): Normal (Waiting) con2 Interface con2-inside (192.168.30.254): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-outside (192.168.40.254): Normal (Monitored) Other host: Primary Group 1 State: Failed　　<--- group 1 of Primary Unit is Switching to Failed status Active time: 434 (sec) Group 2 State: Standby Ready Active time: 117 (sec) con1 Interface con1-inside (192.168.10.253): Failed (Waiting) con1 Interface con1-outside (192.168.20.253): Normal (Waiting) con2 Interface con2-inside (192.168.30.253): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-outside (192.168.40.253): Normal (Monitored)

第五步：在故障转移后确认FTP连接

运行 changeto context con1从系统上下文连接con1上下文，确认FTP连接未中断。

asa/act/sec# changeto context con1 asa/act/sec/con1# show conn 11 in use, 11 most used 
! --- Confirm the target FTP connection exists in group 1 of the Secondary Unit TCP con1-outside 192.168.20.1:21 con1-inside 192.168.10.1:49703, idle 0:00:09, bytes 529, flags UIO 

第六步：确认抢占时间的行为

LinkUP E1/1，并等待30秒（抢占时间），故障切换状态返回原始状态（匹配模式1中的流量）。

asa/stby/pri# Group 1 preempt mate　　　　<--- Failover is triggered automatically, after the preempt time has passed asa/act/pri# show failover Failover On Failover unit Primary Failover LAN Interface: fover Ethernet1/4 (up) ...... Group 1 last failover at: 11:02:33 UTC Jan 11 2024 Group 2 last failover at: 08:02:45 UTC Jan 11 2024 This host: Primary Group 1 State: Active　　<--- group 1 of Primary Unit is switching to Active status Active time: 34 (sec) Group 2 State: Standby Ready Active time: 117 (sec) con1 Interface con1-inside (192.168.10.254): Normal (Monitored) con1 Interface con1-outside (192.168.20.254): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-inside (192.168.30.253): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-outside (192.168.40.253): Normal (Monitored) Other host: Secondary Group 1 State: Standby Ready　　<---- group 1 of Secondary Unit is switching to Standby status Active time: 125 (sec) Group 2 State: Active Active time: 10816 (sec) con1 Interface con1-inside (192.168.10.253): Normal (Monitored) con1 Interface con1-outside (192.168.20.253): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-inside (192.168.30.254): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-outside (192.168.40.254): Normal (Monitored)

虚拟MAC地址

在主用/主用故障转移中，始终使用虚拟MAC地址（手动设置值、自动生成的值或默认值）。活动虚拟MAC地址与活动接口相关联。 

手动设置虚拟MAC地址

为了手动设置物理接口的虚拟MAC地址，可以使用 mac address命令或 mac-address命令（在I/F设置模式下）。以下是手动设置物理接口E1/1的虚拟MAC地址的示例。

注意：请避免在同一设备中使用这两种类型的命令。

asa/act/pri(config)# failover group 1 asa/act/pri(config-fover-group)# mac address E1/1 1234.1234.0001 1234.1234.0002 asa/act/pri(config-fover-group)# changeto context con1 asa/act/pri/con1(config)# show interface E1/1 | in MAC MAC address 1234.1234.0001, MTU 1500 <--- Checking virtual MAC on the Primary Unit(con1) side asa/stby/sec# changeto context con1 asa/stby/sec/con1# show interface E1/1 | in MAC MAC address 1234.1234.0002, MTU 1500 <--- Checking virtual MAC on the Secondary Unit(con1) side

或者

asa/act/pri(config)# changeto context con1 asa/act/pri/con1(config)# int E1/1 asa/act/pri/con1(config-if)# mac-addr 1234.1234.0001 standby 1234.1234.0002 asa/act/pri/con1(config)# show interface E1/1 | in MAC MAC address 1234.1234.0001, MTU 1500 <--- Checking virtual MAC on the Primary Unit(con1) side asa/stby/sec# changeto context con1 asa/stby/sec/con1# show interface E1/1 | in MAC MAC address 1234.1234.0002, MTU 1500<--- Checking virtual MAC on the Secondary Unit(con1) side

asa/act/pri(config)# mac-address auto 
INFO: Converted to mac-address auto prefix 31

asa/act/pri(config)# show run all context con1 <--- Checking the virtual MAC addresses generated on con1 context
allocate-interface Ethernet1/1 
mac-address auto Ethernet1/1 a21f.0000.0008 a21f.0000.0009
allocate-interface Ethernet1/2 
mac-address auto Ethernet1/2 a21f.0000.000a a21f.0000.000b
config-url disk0:/con1.cfg
join-failover-group 1

asa/act/pri(config)# show run all context con2 <--- Checking the virtual MAC addresses generated on con2 context
context con2
allocate-interface Ethernet1/5 
mac-address auto Ethernet1/5 a21f.0000.000c a21f.0000.000d
allocate-interface Ethernet1/6 
mac-address auto Ethernet1/6 a21f.0000.000e a21f.0000.000f
config-url disk0:/con2.cfg
join-failover-group 2    

升级