Localized Policy

The topics in this section provide overview information about the different types of localized policies, the components of localized policies, and how to configure localized policies using Cisco SD-WAN Manager or the CLI.

Overview of Localized Policies

Localized policy refers to a policy that is provisioned locally through the CLI on the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices, or through a Cisco SD-WAN Manager device template.

Types of Localized Policies

Localized Control Policy

Control policy operates on the control plane traffic in the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN overlay network, influencing the determination of routing paths through the overlay network. Localized control policy is policy that is configured on a Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device (hence, it is local) and affects BGP and OSPF routing decisions on the site-local network that the device is part of.

In addition to participating in the overlay network, a Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device participates in the network at its local site, where it appears to the other network devices to be simply a regular router. As such, you can provision routing protocols, such as BGP and OSPF, on the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device so that it can exchange route information with the local-site routers. To control and modify the routing behavior on the local network, you configure a type of control policy called route policy on the devices. Route policy applies only to routing performed at the local branch, and it affects only the route table entries in the local device's route table.

Localized control policy, which you configure on the devices, lets you affect routing policy on the network at the local site where the device is located. This type of control policy is called route policy. This policy is similar to the routing policies that you configure on a regular driver, allowing you to modify the BGP and OSPF routing behavior on the site-local network. Whereas, centralized control policy affects the routing behavior across the entire overlay network, route policy applies only to routing at the local branch.

Localized Data Policy

Data policy operates on the data plane in the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN overlay network and affects how data traffic is sent among the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices in the network. The Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN architecture defines two types of data policy, centralized data policy, which controls the flow of data traffic based on the IP header fields in the data packets and based on network segmentation, and localized data policy, which controls the flow of data traffic into and out of interfaces and interface queues on a Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device.

Localized data policy, so called because it is provisioned on the local Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device, is applied on a specific router interface and affects how a specific interface handles the data traffic that it is transmitting and receiving. Localized data policy is also referred to as access lists (ACLs). With access lists, you can provision class of service (CoS), classifying data packets and prioritizing the transmission properties for different classes. You can configure policing and provision packet mirroring.

For IPv4, you can configure QoS actions.

You can apply IPv4 access lists in any VPN on the router, and you can create access lists that act on unicast and multicast traffic. You can apply IPv6 access lists only to tunnel interfaces in the transport VPN (VPN 0).

You can apply access lists either in the outbound or inbound direction on the interface. Applying an IPv4 ACL in the outbound direction affects data packets traveling from the local service-side network into the IPsec tunnel toward the remote service-side network. Applying an IPv4 ACL in the inbound direction affects data packets exiting from the IPsec tunnel and being received by the local Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device. For IPv6, an outbound ACL is applied to traffic being transmitted by the router, and an inbound ACL is applied to received traffic.

Explicit and Implicit Access Lists

Access lists that you configure using localized data policy are called explicit ACLs. You can apply explicit ACLs in any VPN on the router.

Router tunnel interfaces also have implicit ACLs, which are also referred to as services. Some of these are present by default on the tunnel interface, and they are in effect unless you disable them. Through configuration, you can also enable other implicit ACLs. On Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices, the following services are enabled by default: DHCP (for DHCPv4 and DHCPv6), DNS, and ICMP. You can also enable services for BGP, Netconf, NTP, OSPF, SSHD, and STUN.

Perform QoS Actions

With access lists, you can provision quality of service (QoS) which allows you to classify data traffic by importance, spread it across different interface queues, and control the rate at which different classes of traffic are transmitted. See Forwarding and QoS Overview.

Mirror Data Packets

Once packets are classified, you can configure access lists to send a copy of data packets seen on a Cisco vEdge device to a specified destination on another network device. The Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices support 1:1 mirroring; that is, a copy of every packet is sent to the alternate destination.

Configure Localized Policy Using Cisco SD-WAN Manager

To configure localized policies, use the Cisco SD-WAN Manager policy configuration wizard. The wizard is a UI policy builder that consists of five windows to configure and modify the following localized policy components:

  • Groups of interest, also called lists

  • Forwarding classes to use for QoS

  • Access control lists (ACLs)

  • Route policies

  • Policy settings

You configure some or all these components depending on the specific policy you are creating. To skip a component, click Next at the bottom of the window. To return to a component, click Back at the bottom of the window.

To configure localized policies using Cisco SD-WAN Manager, use the steps identified in the procedures that follow this section.

Start the Policy Configuration Wizard

To start the policy configuration wizard:

  1. From the Cisco SD-WAN Manager menu, choose Configuration > Policies.

  2. Select Localized Policy.

  3. Click Add Policy.

The Create Groups of Interest page is displayed.

Configure Groups of Interest for Localized Policy

In Create Groups of Interest, create lists of groups to use in a localized policy:

In Create Groups of Interest, create new groups of list types as described in the following sections to use in a localized policy:

Configure As Path

  1. In the group of interest list, click AS Path.

  2. Click New AS Path List.

  3. Enter a name for the list.

  4. Enter the AS path, separating AS numbers with a comma.

  5. Click Add.

    AS Path list specifies one or more BGP AS paths. You can write each AS as a single number or as a regular expression. To specify more than one AS in a single path, include the list separated by commas. To configure multiple AS paths in a single list, include multiple as-path options, specifying one AS path in each option.

Configure Community

A community list is used to create groups of communities to use in a match clause of a route map. A community list can be used to control which routes are accepted, preferred, distributed, or advertised. You can also use a community list to set, append, or modify the communities of a route.

  1. In the group of interest list, click Community.

  2. Click New Community List.

  3. Enter a name for the community list.

  4. In the Add Community field, enter one or more data prefixes separated by commas in any of the following formats:

    • aa:nn: Autonomous System (AS) number and network number. Each number is a 2-byte value with a range from 1 to 65535.

    • internet: Routes in this community are advertised to the Internet community. This community comprises all BGP-speaking networking devices.

    • local-as: Routes in this community are not advertised outside the local AS number.

    • no-advertise: Attaches the NO_ADVERTISE community to routes. Routes in this community are not advertised to other BGP peers.

    • no-export: Attaches the NO_EXPORT community to routes. Routes in this community are not advertised outside the local AS or outside a BGP confederation boundary. To configure multiple BGP communities in a single list, include multiple community options, specifying one community in each option.

  5. Click Add.

Configure Data Prefix

  1. In the Group of Interest list, click Data Prefix.

  2. Click New Data Prefix List.

  3. Enter a name for the list.

  4. Enter one or more IP prefixes.

  5. Click Add.

    A data prefix list specifies one or more IP prefixes. You can specify both unicast and multicast addresses. To configure multiple prefixes in a single list, include multiple ip-prefix options, specifying one prefix in each option.

Configure Extended Community

  1. In the group of interest list, click Extended Community.

  2. Click New Extended Community List.

  3. Enter a name for the list.

  4. Enter the BGP extended community in the following formats:

    • rt (aa:nn | ip-address)​: Route target community, which is one or more routers that can receive a set of routes carried by BGP. Specify this as the AS number and network number, where each number is a 2-byte value with a range from 1 to 65535, or as an IP address.

    • soo (aa:nn | ip-address)​: Route origin community, which is one or more routers that can inject a set of routes into BGP. Specify this as the AS number and network number, where each number is a 2-byte value with a range from 1 to 65535, or as an IP address. To configure multiple extended BGP communities in a single list, include multiple community options, specifying one community in each option.

  5. Click Add.

Configure Class Map

  1. In the group of interest list, click Class Map.

  2. Click New Class List.

  3. Enter a name for the class.

  4. Select a required queue from the Queue drop-down list.

  5. Click Save.

Configure Mirror

  1. In the group of interest list, click Mirror.

  2. Click New Mirror List. The Mirror List popup displays.

  3. Enter a name for the list.

  4. In the Remote Destination IP field, enter the IP address of the destination for which to mirror the packets.

  5. In the Source IP field, enter the IP address of the source of the packets to mirror.

  6. Click Add.

    To configure mirroring parameters, define the remote destination to which to mirror the packets, and define the source of the packets. Mirroring applies to unicast traffic only. It does not apply to multicast traffic.

Configure Policer

  1. In the group of interest list, click Policer.

  2. Click New Policer List.

  3. Enter a name for the list.

  4. In the Burst (bps) field, enter maximum traffic burst size. It can be a value from 15000 to 10000000 bytes.

  5. In the Exceed field, select the action to take when the burst size or traffic rate is exceeded. Select Drop (the default) to set the packet loss priority (PLP) to low. Select Remark to set the PLP to high.

  6. In the Rate (bps) field, enter the maximum traffic rate. It can be value from 8 through 264 bps (8 through 100000000000).

  7. Click Add.

Configure Prefix

  1. In the group of interest list, click Prefix.

  2. Click New Prefix List.

  3. Enter a name for the list.

  4. In the Internet Protocol field, click either IPv4 or IPv6.

  5. Under Add Prefix, enter the prefix for the list. (An example is displayed.) Optionally, click the green Import link on the right-hand side to import a prefix list.

  6. Click Add.

Click Next to move to Configure Forwarding Classes/QoS in the wizard.

Configure Forwarding Classes/QoS

When you first open the Forwarding Classes/QoS page, QoS Map is selected by default:

QoS Map

To create a new QoS mapping:

  1. In QoS, click the Add QoS Map drop-down.

  2. Select Create New.

  3. Enter a name and description for the QoS mapping.

  4. Click Add Queue. The Add Queue popup appears.

  5. Select the queue number from the Queue drop-down.

  6. Select the maximum bandwidth and buffer percentages, and the scheduling and drop types.

  7. Enter the Forwarding Class.

  8. Click Save Queue.

To import an existing QoS mapping:

  1. In QoS, click the Add QoS Map drop-down.

  2. Select Import Existing. The Import Existing Application QoS Map Policy popup displays.

  3. Select a QoS Map policy.

  4. Click Import.

To view or copy a QoS mapping or to remove the mapping from the localized policy, click ... and select the desired action.

For hardware, each interface has eight queues, numbered from 0 through 7. Queue 0 is reserved for low-latency queuing (LLQ), so any class that is mapped to queue 0 must be configured to use LLQ. The default scheduling method for all is weighted round-robin (WRR).

For Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices, each interface has eight queues, numbered from 0 through 7. Queue 0 is reserved for control traffic, and queues 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are available for data traffic. The scheduling method for all eight queues is WRR. LLQ is not supported.

To configure QoS parameters on a Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device, you must enable QoS scheduling and shaping. To enable QoS parameters for traffic that the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device receives from transport-side interfaces:

To enable QoS parameters for traffic that the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device receives from service-side interfaces:

Policy Rewrite

To configure policy rewrite rules for the QoS mapping:

  1. In Policy Rewrite, click the Add Rewrite Policy drop-down.

  2. Select Create New.

  3. Enter a name and description for the rewrite rule.

  4. Click Add Rewrite Rule. The Add Rule popup appears.

  5. Select a class from the Class drop-down.

  6. Select the priority (Low or High) from the Priority drop-down.

    Low priority is supported only for Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices.

  7. Enter the DSCP value (0 through 63) in the DSCP field.

  8. Enter the class of service (CoS) value (0 through 7) in the Layer 2 Class of Service field.

  9. Click Save Rule.

To import an existing rewrite rule:

  1. In QoS, click the Add Rewrite Policy drop-down..

  2. Select Import Existing. The Import Existing Policy Rewrite popup appears.

  3. Select a rewrite rule policy.

  4. Click Import.

Click Next to move to Configure Access Lists page.

Configure ACLs

  1. In the Configure Access Control Lists page, configure ACLs.

  2. To create a new ACL, click the Add Access Control List Policy drop-down. Select one from the following options:

    • Add IPv4 ACL Policy: Configure IPv4 ACL policy.

    • Add IPv6 ACL Policy: Configure IPv6 ACL policy.

    • Import Existing: Import existing ACL policy.

  3. If you click Add IPv4 ACL Policy, the Add IPv4 ACL Policy page appears.

    or

    If you click Add IPv6 ACL Policy, the Add IPv6 ACL Policy page appears.

  4. Enter a name and description for the ACL in the ACL Policy page.

  5. In the left pane, click Add ACL Sequence. An Access Control List box is displayed in the left pane.

  6. Double-click the Access Control List box, and type a name for the ACL.

  7. In the right pane, click Add Sequence Rule to create a single sequence in the ACL. Match is selected by default.

  8. Click a match condition.

  9. On the left, enter the values for the match condition.

    1. On the right enter the action or actions to take if the policy matches.

  10. Repeat Steps 6 through 8 to add match–action pairs to the ACL.

  11. To rearrange match–action pairs in the ACL, in the right pane drag them to the desired position.

  12. To remove a match–action pair from the ACL, click the X in the upper right of the condition.

  13. Click Save Match and Actions to save a sequence rule.

  14. To rearrange sequence rules in an ACL, in the left pane drag the rules to the desired position.

  15. To copy, delete, or rename an ACL sequence rule, in the left pane, click ... next to the rule's name and select the desired option.

Default Action

If a packet being evaluated does not match any of the match conditions in a access list, a default action is applied to this packet. By default, the packet is dropped. To change the default action:

  1. Click Default Action in the left pane.

  2. Click the Pencil icon.

  3. Change the default action to Accept.

  4. Click Save Match and Actions.

  5. Click Save Access Control List Policy.

To configure Device Access Policy, see Device Access Policy.

Click Next to move to Configure Route Policy page.

Explicit and Implicit Access Lists

Access lists that you configure through localized data policy using the policy access-list command are called explicit ACLs. You can apply explicit ACLs to any interface in any VPN on the device.

The device's tunnel interfaces in VPN 0 also have implicit ACLs, which are also referred to as services. Some services are enabled by default on the tunnel interface, and are in effect unless you disable them. Through configuration, you can also enable other services. You configure and modify implicit ACLs with the allow-service command: 

Device(config)# vpn 0
Device(config-vpn)# interface interface-name
Device(config-interface)# tunnel-interface
Device(config-tunnel-interface)# allow-service service-name
Device(config-tunnel-interface)# no allow-service service-name

On Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices, the following services are enabled by default: DHCP (for DHCPv4 and DHCPv6), DNS, and ICMP. These three services allow the tunnel interface to accept DHCP, DNS, and ICMP packets. You can also enable services for BGP, Netconf, NTP, OSPF, SSHD, and STUN.


Note

If a connection is initiated from a device, and if NAT is enabled on the device (for example, Direct Internet Access (DIA) is configured), return traffic is allowed by the NAT entry even if the implicit ACL has been configured as no allow-service . You can still block this traffic with an explicit ACL.

Do not confuse an explicit ACL with a Cisco IOS XE ACL. A Cisco IOS XE ACL does not interact with a Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN explicit and an implicit ACL and cannot override an implicit ACL or explicit ACL. Cisco IOS XE ACLs are executed later in the order of traffic processing operations.

When data traffic matches both an explicit ACL and an implicit ACL, how the packets are handled depends on the ACL configuration. Specifically, it depends on:

  • Whether the implicit ACL is configured as allow (allow-service service-name) or deny (no allow-service service-name). Allowing a service in an implicit ACL is the same as specifying the accept action in an explicit ACL, and a service that is not allowed in an implicit ACL is the same as specifying the drop action in an explicit ACL

  • Whether, in an explicit ACL, the accept or deny action is configured in a policy sequence or in the default action.

The following table explains how traffic matching both an implicit and an explicit ACL is handled:

Table 1.

Implicit ACL

Explicit ACL: Sequence

Explicit ACL: Default

Result

Allow (accept)

Deny (drop)

—

Deny (drop)

Allow (accept)

—

Deny (drop)

Allow (accept)

Deny (drop)

Allow (accept)

—

Allow (accept)

Deny (drop)

—

Allow (accept)

Deny (drop)

Configure Route Policies

In Configure Route Policies, configure the routing policies:

  1. In Add Route Policy, select Create New.

  2. Enter a name and description for the route policy.

  3. In the left pane, click Add Sequence Type. A Route box is displayed in the left pane.

  4. Double-click the Route box, and type a name for the route policy.

  5. In the right pane, click Add Sequence Rule to create a single sequence in the policy. Match is selected by default.

  6. Select a desired protocol from the Protocol drop-down list. The options are: IPv4, IPv6, or both.

  7. Click a match condition.

  8. On the left, enter the values for the match condition.

  9. On the right enter the action or actions to take if the policy matches.

  10. Repeat Steps 6 through 8 to add match–action pairs to the route policy.

  11. To rearrange match–action pairs in the route policy, in the right pane drag them to the desired position.

  12. To remove a match–action pair from the route policy, click the X in the upper right of the condition.

  13. Click Save Match and Actions to save a sequence rule.

  14. To rearrange sequence rules in an route policy, in the left pane drag the rules to the desired position.

  15. To copy, delete, or rename the route policy sequence rule, in the left pane, click ... next to the rule's name and select the desired option.

  16. If no packets match any of the route policy sequence rules, the default action is to drop the packets. To change the default action:

    1. Click Default Action in the left pane.

    2. Click the Pencil icon.

    3. Change the default action to Accept.

    4. Click Save Match and Actions.

  17. Click Save Route Policy.

  18. Click Next to move to Policy Overview page.

Match Parameters

Access List Parameters

Access lists can match IP prefixes and fields in the IP headers.

In the CLI, you configure the match parameters with the policy access-list sequence match command.

Each sequence in an access-list must contain one match condition.

Match class in ACL is not supported. You can use rewrite policy to configure DSCP values.

For access lists, you can match these parameters:

Match Condition

Description

Class

Name of a class defined with a policy class-map command.

Destination Data Prefix

Name of a data-prefix-list list.

Destination Port

Specifies a single port number, a list of port numbers (with numbers separated by a space), or a range of port numbers (with the two numbers separated with a hyphen [-]). The range is 0 through 65535.

DSCP

Specifies the DSCP value. The range is 0 through 63.

Protocol

Specifies the internet protocol number. The range is 0 through 255.

ICMP Message

When you select a Protocol value as 1 the ICMP Message field displays where you can select an ICMP message to apply to the data policy.

When you select a Next Header value as 58 the ICMP Message field displays where you can select an ICMP message to apply to the data policy.

Note

 

This field is available from Cisco IOS XE Release 17.4.1, Cisco vManage Release 20.4.1.

For icmp-msg and icmp6-msg message types, refer to the ICMP Message Types/Codes and Corresponding Enumeration Values table in the Centralized chapter.

Packet Length

Specifies the length of the packet. The range can be from 0 through 65535. Specify a single length, a list of lengths (with numbers separated by a space), or a range of lengths (with the two numbers separated with a hyphen [-]).

Source Data Prefix

Specifies the name of a data-prefix-list list.

PLP

Specifies the Packet Loss Priority (PLP) (high | low). By default, packets have a PLP value of low. To set the PLP value to high, apply a policer that includes the exceed remark option.

Source Port

Specifies a single port number, a list of port numbers (with numbers separated by a space), or a range of port numbers (with the two numbers separated with a hyphen [-]). The range is 0 through 65535.

TCP

syn

Route Policy Parameters

For route policies, you can match these parameters:

Match Condition

Description

Address

Specifies the name of a Prefix-List list.

AS Path List

Specifies one or more BGP AS path lists. You can write each AS as a single number or as a regular expression. To specify more than one AS number in a single path, include the list in quotation marks (" "). To configure multiple AS numbers in a single list, include multiple AS Path options, specifying one AS path in each option.

Community List

List of one of more BGP communities. In Community List, you can specify:

• aa:nn: AS number and network number. Each number is a 2-byte value with a range from 1 to 65535.

• internet: Routes in this community are advertised to the Internet community. This community comprises all BGP-speaking networking devices.

• local-as: Routes in this community are not advertised outside the local AS.

• no-advertise: Attach the NO_ADVERTISE community to routes. Routes in this community are not advertised to other BGP peers.

• no-export: Attach the NO_EXPORT community to routes. Routes in this community are not advertised outside the local AS or outside a BGP confederation boundary. To configure multiple BGP communities in a single list, include multiple community options, specifying one community in each option.

Extended Community List

Specifies the list of one or more BGP extended communities. In community, you can specify:

• rt (aa:nn | ip-address)​: Route target community, which is one or more routers that can receive a set of routes carried by BGP. Specify this as the AS number and network number, where each number is a 2-byte value with a range from 1 to 65535, or as an IP address.

• soo (aa:nn | ip-address)​: Route origin community, which is one or more routers that can inject a set of routes into BGP. Specify this as the AS number and network number, where each number is a 2-byte value with a range from 1 to 65535, or as an IP address. To configure multiple extended BGP communities in a single list, include multiple community options, specifying one community in each option.

BGP Local Preference

Specifies the BGP local preference number. The range is 0 through 4294967295.

Metric

Specifies the route metric value. The range is 0 through 4294967295.

Next Hop

Specifies the name of an IP prefix list.

OMP Tag

Specifies the OMP tag number. The range is 0 through 4294967295.

Origin

Specifies the BGP origin code. The optionss are: EGP (default), IGP, Incomplete.

Note

 

Match origin is available only for Cisco vEdge devices not on Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices.

OSPF Tag

Specifies the OSPF tag number. The range is 0 through 4294967295.

Peer

Specifies the peer IP address.

Action Parameters

Access List Parameters

When a packet matches the conditions in the match portion of an access list, the packet can be accepted or dropped, and it can be counted. Then, you can classify, mirror, or police accepted packets.

In the CLI, you configure the action parameters with the policy access-list sequence action command.

Each sequence in an access list can contain one action condition.

In the action, you first specify whether to accept or drop a matching data packet, and whether to count it:

Action Condition

Description

Accept

Accepts the packet. An accepted packet is eligible to be modified by the additional parameters configured in the action portion of the access list.

Counter

Name of a counter. To display counter information, use the show policy access-lists counters command on the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device.

Drop

Discards the packet. This is the default action.

For a packet that is accepted, the following actions can be configured:

Description

Value or Range

Class

Specifies the name of a QoS class. It can also be defined with a policy class-map command.

Mirror List

Specifies the name of mirror . It is defined with a policy mirror command.

Policer

Specifies the name of a policer defined with a policy policer command.

DSCP

Specifies the packet's DSCP value. The range is 0 through 63.

Next Hop

Specifies the IPv4 address. It sets the next hop IP address to which the packet should be forwarded.

Note

 

Starting from Cisco vManage Release 20.5.1 and Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.5.1a, Use Default Route when Next Hop is not available field is available next to Next Hop action parameter.

Route Policy Parameters

Each sequence in a localized control policy can contain one action condition.

When a route matches the conditions in the match portion of a route policy, the route can be accepted or rejected:

For a packet that is accepted, the following actions can be configured:

Description

Value or Range

Aggregator

Set sthe AS number in which a BGP route aggregator is located and the IP address of the route aggregator. The range is 1 through 65535.

As Path

Sets an AS number or a series of AS numbers to exclude from the AS path or to prepend to the AS path. The range is 1 through 65535.

Atomic Aggregate

Sets the BGP atomic aggregate attribute.

Community

Sets the BGP community value.

Starting from Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.5.1a, the Community Additive option field is available. Additive option appends the communities to the existing communities of the route.

Local Preference

Sets the BGP local preference. The range is 0 through 4294967295.

Metric

Sets the metric value. The range is 0 through 4294967295.

Metric Type

Sets the metric type. The options are type1 or type2.

Next Hop

Sets the IPv4 address. It sets the next hop IP address to which the packet should be forwarded.

Note

 

Starting from Cisco vManage Release 20.5.1 and Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.5.1a, Use Default Route when Next Hop is not available field is available next to Next Hop action parameter.

OMP Tag

Sets the OMP tag for OSPF to use. The range is 0 through 4294967295.

Origin

Sets the BGP origin code. The options are: EGP (default), IGP, Incomplete.

Originator

Sets the IP address from which the route was learned.

OSPF Tag

 Sets the OSPF tag value. The range is 0 through 4294967295.

Weight

Sets the BGP weight. The range is 0 through 4294967295.

Configure Policy Settings

In Policy Overview, configure the policy settings:

  1. In the Enter name and description for your localized master policy pane, enter name and description for the policy.

  2. In the Policy Settings pane, select the policy application checkboxes that you want to confirgure. The options are:

    • Netflow: Perform traffic flow monitoring on IPv4 traffic.

    • Netflow IPv6: Perform traffic flow monitoring on IPv6 traffic.

    • Application: Track and monitor IPv4 applications.

    • Application IPv6: Track and monitor IPv6 applications.

    • Cloud QoS: Enable QoS scheduling.

    • Cloud QoS Service Side: Enable QoS scheduling on the service side.

    • Implicit ACL Logging: Log the headers of all the packets that are dropped because they do not match a service perform traffic flow monitoring.

  3. To configure how often packets flows are logged, click Log Frequency.

    Packet flows are those that match an access list (ACL), a cflowd flow, or an application-aware routing flow.

  4. Click Preview to view the full policy in CLI format.

  5. Click Save Policy.

Apply Localized Policy in a Device Template

  1. From the Cisco SD-WAN Manager menu, choose Configuration > Templates.

  2. If you are creating a new device template:

    1. Click Device Templates.


      Note

      In Cisco vManage Release 20.7.1 and earlier releases, Device Template is titled as Device.

    2. From the Create Template drop-down, select From Feature Template.

    3. From the Device Model drop-down, select one of the Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices.

    4. In the Template Name field, enter a name for the device template. This field is mandatory and can contain only uppercase and lowercase letters, the digits 0 through 9, hyphens (–), and underscores (_). It cannot contain spaces or any other characters.

    5. In the Description field, enter a description for the device template. This field is mandatory, and it can contain any characters and spaces.

    6. Continue with Step 4.

  3. If you are editing an existing device template:

    1. Click Device Templates, and for the desired template, click ... and select Edit.


      Note

      In Cisco vManage Release 20.7.1 and earlier releases, Device Template is titled as Device.

    2. Click Additional Templates. The screen scrolls to the Additional Templates section.

    3. From the Policy drop-down, select the name of a policy that you have configured.

  4. Click Additional Templates located directly beneath the Description field. The screen scrolls to the Additional Templates section.

  5. From the Policy drop-down, select the name of the policy you configured in the above procedure.

  6. Click Create (for a new template) or Update (for an existing template).

Activate a Localized Policy

  1. Click Localized Policy, and select a policy.

  2. For the desired policy, click ... and select Activate.

  3. In the Activate Policy popup, click Activate to push the policy to all reachable Cisco SD-WAN Controllers in the network.

  4. Click OK to confirm activation of the policy on all Cisco SD-WAN Controllers.

  5. To deactivate the localized policy, select =, and then select a policy.

  6. For the desired policy, click ... and select Deactivate.

  7. In the Deactivate Policy popup, click Deactivate to confirm that you want to remove the policy from all reachable Cisco SD-WAN Controllers.

View Localized Policies

To view localized policies:

  1. Click Localized Policy, and select a policy.

  2. For a policy created using the UI policy builder or using the CLI, click ... and select View. The policy created using the UI policy builder is displayed in graphical format while the policy created using the CLI method is displayed in text format.

  3. For a policy created using the Cisco SD-WAN Manager policy configuration wizard, click ... and select Preview. This policy is displayed in text format.

Copy, Edit, and Delete Policies

To copy a policy:

  1. Click Localized Policy, and select a policy.

  2. For the desired policy, click ... and select Copy.

  3. In the Policy Copy popup window, enter the policy name and a description of the policy.


    Note

    Starting with the Cisco IOS XE Release 17.2, 127 characters are supported for policy names for the following policy types:

    • Central route policy

    • Local route policy

    • Local Access Control lOst (ACL)

    • Local IPv6 ACL

    • Central data policy

    • Central app route policy

    • QoS map

    • Rewrite rule

    All other policy names support 32 characters.

  4. Click Copy.

To edit policies created using the Cisco SD-WAN Manager policy configuration wizard:

  1. For the desired policy, click ... and select Edit.

  2. Edit the policy as needed.

  3. Click Save Policy Changes.

To edit polices created using the CLI method:

  1. From the Custom Options drop-down, under Localized Policy, select CLI Policy.

  2. For the desired policy, click ... and select Edit.

  3. Edit the policy as needed.

  4. Click Update.

To delete policies:

  1. Click Localized Policy, and select a policy.

  2. For the desired policy, click ... and select Delete.

  3. Click OK to confirm deletion of the policy.

Configure Localized Policy for IPv4 Using the CLI

Following are the high-level steps for configuring an access list using the CLI on Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices:

  1. Create lists of IP prefixes as needed:
    Device(config)# policy lists data-prefix-list ipv4_prefix_list
Device(config-data-prefix-list-ipv4_prefix_list)
# ip-prefix 192.168.0.3/24
  2. For QoS, configure the class-map ios:
    Device(config)# class-map match-any class1
Device(config)#  match qos-group 1
class-map match-any class6
match qos-group 6
class-map match-any class7
match qos-group 7
class-map match-any class4
match qos-group 4
class-map match-any class5
match qos-group 5
class-map match-any class2
match qos-group 2
class-map match-any class3
match qos-group 3
class-map match-any class1
match qos-group 1
end

    Note

    queue2 is optional here since we are using class-default .

  3. For QoS, define rewrite rules to overwrite the DSCP field of a packet's outer IP header, if desired:
    Device(config)# policy rewrite-rule rule1
Device(config-rewrite-rule-rule1)# class class1 low dscp 3
Device(config-rewrite-rule-rule1)# class class2 high dscp 4
Will be a table to map class-id → QoS-Group, QID, DSCP, Discard-Class
  4. For QoS, map each forwarding class to an output queue, configure a QoS scheduler for each forwarding class, and group the QoS schedulers into a QoS map:
    Device(config)# policy class-map class class1 queue 1
<0..7>[1]

  5. For Qos map configuration, merge with interface shaping configuration, if shaping is configured.

    If shaping is not configured, you can apply the policy-map generated for the qos-map . 

    Device(config)# policy-map qos_map_for_data_policy
<name:string
Device(config-pmap)# class class1 name:string
Device(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percentage
Device(config-pmap-c)# random-detect

  6. Configure a WAN interface without a shaping configuration:

    Device(config)# policy-map qos_map_for_data_policy name:string
Device(config-pmap)# class class1 name:string
Device(config-pmap-c)# bandwidth percentage
Device(config-pmap-c)# random-detect

  7. Configure a WAN interface with a shaping configuration:

    Device(config)# policy-map shaping_interface
Device(config-pmap)# class class-default
Device(config-pmap-c)# shape average 100000000(rate-in-bps)
Device(config-pmap-c)# service-policy qos_map_for_data_policy

  8. Associate a service-policy to a Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN device: 

    Device(config)# sdwan interface GigabitEthernet 1
Device(config-if)# rewrite-rule rule1 
Device(config-if)# service-policy output qos_map_for_data_policy

  9. Define policing parameters:​

    Device(config)# policy policer policer_On_gige
Device(config-policer-policer_On_gige)# rate ?
Description: Bandwidth for 1g interfaces: <8..1000000000>bps; for 10g interfaces: 
<8..10000000000>bps
Possible completions:<0..2^64-1>
Device(config-policer-policer_On_gige)# burst
Description: Burst rate, in bytes
Possible completions:<15000..10000000>
Device(config-policer-policer_On_gige)# exceed drop

  10. Associate an access list set to policer:

    Device(config)# policy access-list ipv4_acl
Device(config-access-list-ipv4_acl)# sequence 100
Device(config-sequence-100)# match dscp 10
Device(config-match)# exit
Device(config-sequence-100)# action accept
Device(config-sequence-100)# action count dscp_10_count
Device(config-sequence-100)# policer policer_On_gige
Device(config-sequence-100)# action drop
vm5(config-action)#

  11. Associate an access list to a LAN or a WAN interface:

    Device(config)# sdwan interface GigabitEthernet5
Device(config-interface-GigabitEthernet5)# access-list ipv4_acl
Device(config-interface-GigabitEthernet5)# commit

Configure Localized Policy for IPv6 Using the CLI

Following are the high-level steps for configuring an access list using the CLI:

  1. Define policing parameters:​ 

    Device(config)# policy policer policer_On_gige
Device (config-policer-policer_On_gige)# rate ?
Description: Bandwidth for 1g interfaces: <8..1000000000>bps;for 10g interfaces: 
<8..10000000000>bps Possible completions: <0..2^64-1>
Device(config-policer-policer_On_gige)# burst
Description: Burst rate, in bytes Possible completions:<15000..10000000>
Device(config-policer-policer_On_gige)# exceed drop
  2. Create an access list instance:​
    Device (config)# policy ipv6 access-list ipv6_access_list
  3. Create a series of match–action pair sequences:
    Device(config-access-list-ipv6_access_list)# sequence 100
    The match–action pairs are evaluated in order, by sequence number, starting with the lowest numbered pair and ending when the route matches the conditions in one of the pairs. Or if no match occurs, the default action is taken (either rejecting the route or accepting it as is).
  4. Define match parameters for packets:
    Device(config-sequence-100)# match traffic-class 10
Device(config-match)# exit
  5. Define actions to take when a match occurs:
    Device(config-sequence-100)# action accept count traffic_class10_count
Device(config-sequence-100)# action drop
Device(config-sequence-100)# action accept class class1
Device(config-sequence-100)# action accept policer policer_On_gige

  6. Create additional numbered sequences of match–action pairs within the access list, as needed.

  7. If a packet does not match any of the conditions in one of the sequences, it is rejected by default. If you want nonmatching packets to be accepted, configure the default action for the access list:

  8. Apply the access list to an interface:
    Device(config)# sdwan interface GigabitEthernet5
Device(config-interface-GigabitEthernet5)
# ipv6 access-list ipv6_access_list in
Device(config-interface-GigabitEthernet5)
# commit
    Applying the access list in the inbound direction (in) affects packets being received on the interface. Applying it in the outbound direction (out) affects packets being transmitted on the interface.

Localized Data Policy Configuration Examples

This topic provides some straightforward examples of configuring localized data policy to help you get an idea of how to use policy to influence traffic flow across the Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN domain. Localized data policy, also known as access lists, is configured directly on the local Cisco vEdge devices.

QoS

You can configure quality of service (QoS) to classify data packets and control how traffic flows out of and in to the interfaces on a Cisco vEdge device and on the interface queues. For examples of how to configure a QoS policy, see Forwarding and QoS Configuration Examples.

ICMP Message Example

This example displays the configuration for localized data policy for ICMP messages.

policy
access-list acl_1
 sequence 100
  match
   protocol 1
   icmp-msg administratively-prohibited
  !
  action accept
   count administratively-prohibited
  !
  !

QoS For Router Generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager Traffic

Table 2. Feature History

Feature Name

Release Information

Description

QoS for Router Generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager Traffic

Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN Release 17.11.1a

This feature helps you to prioritize or queue router-generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager traffic based on your specific requirements. Use QoS policies and class maps to route Cisco SD-WAN Manager traffic through a queue of your choice.

Information About QoS For Router-Generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager Traffic

Quality of Service (QoS) is a technique used to manage and prioritize network traffic to ensure that certain types of traffic are given priority over others. QoS is particularly important for router-generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager traffic, which is used for managing and monitoring network devices. For more information see, Forwarding and QoS.

You can prioritize or queue router-generated traffic based on your specific requirements. The prioritization can be achieved through the use of QoS policies and class maps.

Use the following steps to put router-generated traffic into the queue of your choice:

  1. Define a class map using a CLI template: Identifies the type of traffic you want to prioritize. In this case, you create a class map to identify the router-generated traffic to queue.

  2. Define a policy map using a CLI template: Defines the actions that you want to take on the traffic identified in the class map. Create a policy map that assigns a priority or places the router-generated traffic into a specific queue.

Benefits of Qos For Router Generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager Traffic

  • Improved network performance: By prioritizing critical router-generated traffic over less important traffic, ensure that your network management functions operate smoothly and monitor and control network devices effectively.

  • Better user experience: Queing router-generated traffic helps preventing congestion on the network and ensure that user-generated traffic does not negatively impact network management functions. The queueing can result in a better user experience.

  • Increased network availability: Reduces the risk of network downtime caused by network management issues. This improves network availability and reduce the impact of any network issues on your business operations.

  • Simplified network management: Simplifies network management and reduces the need for manual intervention. The simplification can save time and reduce the risk of human error.

  • Efficient use of network resources: QoS policies and class maps allow you to allocate network resources efficiently, ensuring that critical router-generated traffic flow efficiently, minimizing the impact on other network traffic.

Restrictions For QoS For Router Generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager Traffic

  • The QoS for router generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager traffic feature is supported only on Cisco IOS XE Catalyst SD-WAN devices.

  • Configuring QoS for router generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager traffic is possible only using a CLI template.

  • With this feature, you can prioritize, using a queue, only for the traffic that devices generate forCisco SD-WAN Manager. Other data and management plane traffic continue to take Queue 0 by default.

Configure QoS for Router Generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager Traffic Using a CLI Template

For more information about using CLI templates, see CLI Add-On Feature Templates and CLI Templates.


Note

By default, CLI templates execute commands in global config mode.

Define a Class Map and Map to a Queue Number

  1. Using a localized policy, define a class-map and map the class-map to a queue number :

    policy class-map class Queue_1 queue 2

  2. Commit the changes.

Here's the complete configuration example for defining a class map and mapping it to a queue number:

config-t
policy class-map class Queue_1 queue 2
!

Enable Qos For Router Generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager Traffic

This section provides example CLI configurations to enable QoS for router generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager traffic:

  1. Enter config-policy mode:

    policy

  2. Use a forwarding class and use the class map that you mapped to a queue that you want to prioritize:

    vmanage-forwarding-class queue_name

  3. Commit the changes.

    QoS for router generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager traffic is enabled.

Here's the complete configuration example for enabling Qos for router generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager traffic: 

config-t
policy
vmanage-forwarding-class Queue_1
!

Verify QoS for Router Generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager Traffic Using CLI

The following is sample output from the show policy-map interface command using the GigabitEthernet 1 keyword: 

Device# show policy-map interface GigabitEthernet 1 
 
  Service-policy output: shape_GigabitEthernet1
 
    Class-map: class-default (match-any)
      8619 packets, 5056404 bytes
      5 minute offered rate 113000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
      Match: any
      Queueing
      queue limit 64 packets
      (queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
      (pkts output/bytes output) 8619/5056404
      shape (average) cir 4200000, bc 16800, be 16800
      target shape rate 4200000
 
      Service-policy : qosmap
 
        queue stats for all priority classes:
          Queueing
          priority level 1
          queue limit 512 packets
          (queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
          (pkts output/bytes output) 565/95064
 
        Class-map: Queue0 (match-any)
          565 packets, 95064 bytes
          5 minute offered rate 4000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
          Match: qos-group 0
          police:
              rate 30 %
              rate 1260000 bps, burst 39375 bytes
            conformed 565 packets, 95064 bytes; actions:
              transmit
            exceeded 0 packets, 0 bytes; actions:
              drop
            conformed 4000 bps, exceeded 0000 bps
          Priority: Strict, b/w exceed drops: 0
 
          Priority Level: 1
 
        Class-map: Queue_1 (match-any)
          8050 packets, 4961100 bytes                             ------------------->
          5 minute offered rate 111000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
          Match: qos-group 1
          Queueing
          queue limit 64 packets
          (queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
          (pkts output/bytes output) 8050/4961100
          bandwidth remaining ratio 10
 
        Class-map: Queue_2 (match-any)
          4 packets, 240 bytes
          5 minute offered rate 0000 bps, drop rate 0000 bps
          Match: qos-group 2
          Queueing
          queue limit 64 packets
          (queue depth/total drops/no-buffer drops) 0/0/0
          (pkts output/bytes output) 4/240
          bandwidth remaining ratio 10

In this example, Class-map for the respective queues displays the number, size, and the rate of packet transfer from the router to the destination. You can see a change in the Queue_1 and keep track of the packet transfer.

Troubleshooting QoS For Router Generated Cisco SD-WAN Manager Traffic

Problem

Unable to commit changes using the CLI

Possible Causes

There could be typos or incorrect queue names entered while committing the changes. For example, if you type queuee 2 instead of queue 2, the following error is displayed: Aborted: illegal reference 'policy vmanage-traffic-forwarding-class'

Solution

Enter the right queue name that you want the Cisco SD-WAN Manager traffic from the router to flow through.