Configuring DSCP Policing and Media Bandwidth Policing

This module explains the following features:

  • AS SIP—DSCP Policing

  • AS SIP—Media Bandwidth Policing

The Assured Services over Session Initiation Protocol Differentiated Services Code Point (AS SIP—DSCP Policing) Policing and the AS SIP—Media Bandwidth Policing feature adds the media policy functionality to the Cisco Unified Border Element (Cisco UBE) on a per-call basis to control the bandwidth. Real Time Protocol (RTP) packets are dropped, and MIB and system logs are generated if there is any DSCP policy, marking, and media bandwidth profiling violation.

Finding Feature Information

Your software release may not support all the features documented in this module. For the latest caveats and feature information, see Bug Search Tool and the release notes for your platform and software release. To find information about the features documented in this module, and to see a list of the releases in which each feature is supported, see the feature information table.

Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to www.cisco.com/​go/​cfn. An account on Cisco.com is not required.

Restrictions for Configuring DSCP Policing and Media Bandwidth Policing

Following are the restrictions for the AS SIP—DSCP Policing feature:

  • The Session Description Protocol (SDP) pass-through feature along with Resource Priority Header (RPH) to DSCP marking and policing are not supported.

  • High availability (HA) is not supported.

Following are the restrictions for the AS SIP—Media Bandwidth Policing feature:

  • The SDP pass-through feature along with the Media Bandwidth Policing feature are not supported.

  • Flow-around cases are not applicable to the Media Bandwidth Policing feature.

  • HA is not supported.

Information About Configuring DSCP Policing and Media Bandwidth Policing

AS SIP—DSCP Policing

The AS SIP—DSCP Policing feature provides the following functionalities:

  • A mechanism to map the RPH to the DSCP values in the IP header for audio and video calls.

  • A policy to match DSCP values of incoming media calls to the preconfigured value and take an action depending upon the configuration.

You must map RPH to DSCP values to provide priority and precedence for VoIP calls at all layers. DSCP policing and marking are supported as part of the AS SIP—DSCP Policing feature for RTP media. The DSCP policing functionality checks DSCP values for media packets (RTP) and informs incorrect marking of DSCP values. The DSCP marking functionality marks packets with the correct DSCP value as per the SIP RPH.

The AS SIP—DSCP Policing feature supports two new namespaces, UC and CUC. The namespace support is enabled by default and no configuration is required. Asymmetric call leg configuration is also supported: that is, you can have the RPH pass-through configuration on one call leg and RPH to DSCP policing on the another.

AS SIP—Media Bandwidth Policing

In releases prior to Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2)T, Cisco UBE does not support media on a policing per-call basis. Hence, few endpoints negotiate the G729 codec using the SIP offer answer model and send RTP packets with the payload of G711. Few endpoints negotiate with G729 10 ms (one packet per 10 ms) but send two packets as a response to the request of 10 ms. In both cases, more bandwidth than the negotiated bandwidth is used. Cisco UBE has no mechanism to detect bandwidth violation and enforce policing on media policing approaches.

To overcome this problem, the AS SIP—Media Bandwidth Policing feature was introduced in Cisco IOS Release 15.2(2)T. This feature introduces traffic policing on the Cisco UBE to limit media bandwidth usage to the negotiated rate. Excess traffic is dropped when the traffic rate reaches the configured maximum value. The AS SIP—Media Bandwidth Policing feature is supported only on RTP packets.

The AS SIP—Media Bandwidth Policing feature identifies violations in the bandwidth and triggers the following policing actions on additional RTP packets received:

  • Drops all violated packets.

  • Drops all violated packets and disconnects the call once it reaches the configured number of violations.

  • Ignores the violations.

You can enable system log and Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) trap generations to inform system administrators about policing violations.

Resource Priority Header

RPH is a SIP header. A SIP request with a RPH is treated as follows:

  • The request is given an elevated priority to access public switched telephone network (PSTN) gateway resources, such as trunk circuits.

  • The request can interrupt lower priority requests at a user terminal, such as an IP phone.

  • The request can carry information from one multilevel priority domain in a telephone network to another, without SIP proxies inspecting or modifying the header field.

  • In SIP proxies and back-to-back user agents, requests of higher priorities can displace the existing signaling requests or bypass the PSTN gateway capacity limits in effect for lower priorities.

This RPH header provides priority and precedence at Layer 7. It is not treated the same way in lower layers.

Differentiated Services Code Point

DSCP or differentiated services code point (DiffServ) is a computer networking architecture that specifies a simple, scalable, and coarse-grained mechanism for classifying and managing network traffic, and providing quality of service (QoS) on modern IP networks.

How to Configure DSCP Policing and Media Bandwidth Policing Features

Configuring AS SIP—DSCP Policing Feature at the Global Level

Perform this task to configure the AS SIP—DSCP Policing feature at the global level, that is on all dial peers.

SUMMARY STEPS

    1.    enable

    2.    configure terminal

    3.    voice class dscp-profile tag

    4.    dscp media {audio | video} {flah-override-override | flash-override | flsh | immediate | priority | routine} {dscp-value | set-af | set-cf | ef | zero}

    5.    violation number action {disconnect | ignore} [no-syslog]

    6.    end


DETAILED STEPS
     Command or ActionPurpose
    Step 1enable


    Example:
    Router> enable
     
    Enables privileged EXEC mode.

    • Enter your password if prompted.

     
    Step 2configure terminal


    Example:
    Router# configure terminal
     

    Enters global configuration mode.

     
    Step 3voice class dscp-profile tag


    Example:
    Router(config)# voice class dscp-profile 1
     

    Configures a DSCP profile and enters voice class configuration mode.

     
    Step 4dscp media {audio | video} {flah-override-override | flash-override | flsh | immediate | priority | routine} {dscp-value | set-af | set-cf | ef | zero}


    Example:
    Router(config-class)# dscp media audio routine ef
     

    Specifies the RPH to DSCP mapping.

     
    Step 5violation number action {disconnect | ignore} [no-syslog]


    Example:
    Router(config-class)# violation 20000 action ignore
     

    Specifies the action that needs to be performed on any violation in the DSCP policy.

     
    Step 6end


    Example:
    Router(config-class)# end
     

    Exits voice class configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.

     

    Applying the DSCP Policing Profile at the Global Level

    Perform this task to apply the DSCP policing profile at the global level, that is to apply the profile to all dial peers.

    SUMMARY STEPS

      1.    enable

      2.    configure terminal

      3.    voice service voip

      4.    sip

      5.    dscp-profile tag

      6.    end


    DETAILED STEPS
       Command or ActionPurpose
      Step 1enable


      Example:
      Router> enable
       
      Enables privileged EXEC mode.

      • Enter your password if prompted.

       
      Step 2configure terminal


      Example:
      Router# configure terminal
       

      Enters global configuration mode.

       
      Step 3voice service voip


      Example:
      Router(config)# voice service voip
       

      Enters voice service configuration mode.

       
      Step 4sip


      Example:
      Router(conf-voi-serv)# sip
       

      Enters service SIP configuration mode.

       
      Step 5dscp-profile tag


      Example:
      Router(conf-serv-sip)# dscp-profile 1
       
      Applies a DSCP policing profile at the global level.

      • If a DSCP policy is applied globally and to a dial peer, the dial peer configuration takes precedence over the global configuration.

       
      Step 6end


      Example:
      Router(conf-serv-sip)# end
       

      Exits service SIP configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.

       

      Applying the DSCP Policing Profile at the Dial Peer Level

      Perform this task to apply the DSCP policing profile at the dial peer level.

      When the DSCP policing profile is applied to a dial peer and the mode is configured as RPH pass-through, the policy will be enforced if there is any match for the “r-priority” value in the RPH. If there is no match in the namespace, the domain name system (DNS) will be used to match the “r-priority”.

      If the RPH pass-through mode is configured, the RPH is passed as it is. The RPH is truncated if the following values are above the specified limits:

      • Only the namespace is changed and there is no change in the subdomain and priority.

      • Maximum namespace allowed is up to ten characters.

      • Maximum subdomains supported range is from 000000 to FFFFFF.

      • Maximum priority values allowed are 24 characters.

      SUMMARY STEPS

        1.    enable

        2.    configure terminal

        3.    dial-peer voice tag {pots | voatm | vofr | voip}

        4.    voice-class sip resource priority dscp-profile tag

        5.    end


      DETAILED STEPS
         Command or ActionPurpose
        Step 1enable


        Example:
        Router> enable
         
        Enables privileged EXEC mode.

        • Enter your password if prompted.

         
        Step 2configure terminal


        Example:
        Router# configure terminal
         

        Enters global configuration mode.

         
        Step 3dial-peer voice tag {pots | voatm | vofr | voip}


        Example:
        Router(config)# dial-peer voice 4 voip
         

        Enters dial peer voice configuration mode.

         
        Step 4voice-class sip resource priority dscp-profile tag


        Example:
        Router(config-dial-peer)# voice-class sip resource priority dscp-profile 1
         
        Applies a DSCP profile parameter.

        • If a DSCP policy is applied globally and to a dial peer, the dial peer configuration takes precedence over the global configuration.

         
        Step 5end


        Example:
        Router(config-dial-peer)# end
         

        Exits dial peer configuration mode.

         

        Enabling the SNMP Trap for the DSCP Policing Feature at the Global Level

        Perform this task to enable the SNMP trap for the DSCP Policing feature at the global level, that is on all dial peers.

        SUMMARY STEPS

          1.    enable

          2.    configure terminal

          3.    snmp-server enable traps voice [dscp-profile] [fallback] [high-ds0-util] [low-ds0-util] [media-policy]

          4.    exit


        DETAILED STEPS
           Command or ActionPurpose
          Step 1 enable


          Example:
          Router> enable
           
          Enables privileged EXEC mode.

          • Enter your password if prompted.

           
          Step 2configure terminal


          Example:
          Router# configure terminal
           

          Enters global configuration mode.

           
          Step 3snmp-server enable traps voice [dscp-profile] [fallback] [high-ds0-util] [low-ds0-util] [media-policy]


          Example:
          Router(config)# snmp-server enable traps voice dscp-profile
           

          Enables SNMP DSCP profile voice notifications.

           
          Step 4exit


          Example:
          Router(config)# exit
           

          Exits global configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.

           

          Enabling the SNMP Trap for the DSCP Policing Feature at the Dial Peer Level

          Perform this task to enable the SNMP trap for the DSCP policing feature for a specific dial peer.

          SUMMARY STEPS

            1.    enable

            2.    configure terminal

            3.    dial-peer voice tag voip

            4.    snmp enable peer-trap dscp-profile

            5.    end


          DETAILED STEPS
             Command or ActionPurpose
            Step 1 enable


            Example:
            Router> enable
             
            Enables privileged EXEC mode.

            • Enter your password if prompted.

             
            Step 2configure terminal


            Example:
            Router# configure terminal
             

            Enters global configuration mode.

             
            Step 3dial-peer voice tag voip


            Example:
            Router(config)# dial-peer voice 1 voip
             

            Enters dial peer voice configuration mode.

             
            Step 4snmp enable peer-trap dscp-profile


            Example:
            Router(config-dial-peer)# snmp enable peer-trap dscp-profile
             

            Enables DSCP profile violation traps.

             
            Step 5end


            Example:
            Router(config-dial-peer)# end
             

            Exits dial peer configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.

             

            Verifying the AS SIP-DSCP Policing Feature

            Perform this task to verify the configuration for AS SIP-DSCP Policing feature on Cisco UBE. The show commands need not be entered in any specific order.

            SUMMARY STEPS

              1.    enable

              2.    show ip interface brief

              3.    show call active voice brief


            DETAILED STEPS
              Step 1   enable


              Example:
              Router> enable

              Enables privileged EXEC mode.

              Step 2   show ip interface brief


              Example:
              Router# show ip interface brief

Interface                  IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0         10.0.35.11      YES manual up                    up      
GigabitEthernet0/1         10.1.3.3        YES NVRAM  administratively down down

              Displays a brief summary of an interface's IP information and status.

              Step 3   show call active voice brief


              Example:
              Router# show call active voice brief

<ID>: <CallID> <start>.<index> +<connect> pid:<peer_id> <dir> <addr> <state> 
  dur hh:mm:ss tx:<packets>/<bytes> rx:<packets>/<bytes> dscp:<packets violation> media:<packets violation>
 IP <ip>:<udp> rtt:<time>ms pl:<play>/<gap>ms lost:<lost>/<early>/<late>
  delay:<last>/<min>/<max>ms <codec> <textrelay> <transcoded
  
 media inactive detected:<y/n> media cntrl rcvd:<y/n> timestamp:<time>
  
 long duration call detected:<y/n> long duration call duration :<sec> timestamp:<time>
  MODEMPASS <method> buf:<fills>/<drains> loss <overall%> <multipkt>/<corrected>
   last <buf event time>s dur:<Min>/<Max>s
 FR <protocol> [int dlci cid] vad:<y/n> dtmf:<y/n> seq:<y/n>
  <codec> (payload size)
 ATM <protocol> [int vpi/vci cid] vad:<y/n> dtmf:<y/n> seq:<y/n>
  <codec> (payload size)
 Tele <int> (callID) [channel_id] tx:<tot>/<v>/<fax>ms <codec> noise:<l> acom:<l> i/o:<l>/<l> dBm
  MODEMRELAY info:<rcvd>/<sent>/<resent> xid:<rcvd>/<sent> total:<rcvd>/<sent>/<drops>
         speeds(bps): local <rx>/<tx> remote <rx>/<tx>
 Proxy <ip>:<audio udp>,<video udp>,<tcp0>,<tcp1>,<tcp2>,<tcp3> endpt: <type>/<manf>
 bw: <req>/<act> codec: <audio>/<video>
  tx: <audio pkts>/<audio bytes>,<video pkts>/<video bytes>,<t120 pkts>/<t120 bytes>
 rx: <audio pkts>/<audio bytes>,<video pkts>/<video bytes>,<t120 pkts>/<t120 bytes>
 


Telephony call-legs: 0
SIP call-legs: 2
H323 call-legs: 0
Call agent controlled call-legs: 0
SCCP call-legs: 0
Multicast call-legs: 0
Total call-legs: 2
0    : 21 23:08:52.157 IST Tue Jul 12 2011.1 +8900 pid:3 Answer 1000 active
 dur 00:00:56 tx:2766/442560 rx:2811/449760 dscp:2814 media:0
 IP 9.44.46.21:20332 SRTP: off rtt:0ms pl:0/0ms lost:0/0/0 delay:0/0/0ms g711ulaw TextRelay: off Transcoded: No
 media inactive detected:n media contrl rcvd:n/a timestamp:n/a
 long duration call detected:n long duration call duration:n/a timestamp:n/a

0    : 22 23:08:52.707 IST Tue Jul 12 2011.1 +7780 pid:4 Originate 2000 active
 dur 00:00:57 tx:2811/449760 rx:2766/442560 dscp:2767 media:0
 IP 9.44.46.25:31290 SRTP: off rtt:0ms pl:0/0ms lost:0/0/0 delay:0/0/0ms g711ulaw TextRelay: off Transcoded: No
 media inactive detected:n media contrl rcvd:n/a timestamp:n/a
 long duration call detected:n long duration call duration:n/a timestamp:n/a


Telephony call-legs: 0
SIP call-legs: 2
H323 call-legs: 0
Call agent controlled call-legs: 0
SCCP call-legs: 0
Multicast call-legs: 0
Total call-legs: 2

              Displays call information for voice calls in progress.

              Configuring the AS SIP—Media Bandwidth Policing Profile at the Global Level

              SUMMARY STEPS

                1.    enable

                2.    configure terminal

                3.    media profile police tag

                4.    violation number action {disconnect | drop | ignore} [no-syslog]

                5.    overhead {audio | video} percentage

                6.    end


              DETAILED STEPS
                 Command or ActionPurpose
                Step 1 enable


                Example:
                Router> enable
                 
                Enables privileged EXEC mode.

                • Enter your password if prompted.

                 
                Step 2configure terminal


                Example:
                Router# configure terminal
                 

                Enters global configuration mode.

                 
                Step 3media profile police tag


                Example:
                Router(config)# media profile police 1
                 

                Configures the media bandwidth policing profile at the global level and enters media profile configuration mode.

                 
                Step 4violation number action {disconnect | drop | ignore} [no-syslog]


                Example:
                Router(cfg-mediaprofile)# violation 20000 action drop no-syslog
                 
                Specifies the number of violations after which the action needs to be taken.

                • Use the no-syslog keyword to configure the Cisco UBE to disable the system log.

                 
                Step 5overhead {audio | video} percentage


                Example:
                Router(cfg-mediaprofile)# overhead audio 10
                 

                Configures the overhead bandwidth percentage above the negotiated bandwidth.

                 
                Step 6end


                Example:
                Router(cfg-mediaprofile)# end
                 

                Exits media profile configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.

                 

                Applying the Media Bandwidth Policing Profile at the Global Level

                SUMMARY STEPS

                  1.    enable

                  2.    configure terminal

                  3.    voice service voip

                  4.    media police-profile tag

                  5.    end


                DETAILED STEPS
                   Command or ActionPurpose
                  Step 1enable


                  Example:
                  Router> enable
                   
                  Enables privileged EXEC mode.

                  • Enter your password if prompted.

                   
                  Step 2configure terminal


                  Example:
                  Router# configure terminal
                   

                  Enters global configuration mode.

                   
                  Step 3voice service voip


                  Example:
                  Router(config)# voice service voip
                   

                  Enters voice service configuration mode.

                   
                  Step 4media police-profile tag


                  Example:
                  Router(conf-voi-serv)# media police-profile 1
                   

                  Applies the media bandwidth policing profile at the global level.

                   
                  Step 5end


                  Example:
                  Router(conf-voi-serv)# end
                   

                  Exits voice service configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.

                   

                  Applying the Media Bandwidth Policing Profile at the Dial Peer Level

                  Applying the media bandwidth policing profile at the dial peer level involves two actions: applying the profile for a media class and then applying the corresponding media class to a dial peer.

                  Perform this task to apply the media bandwidth policing profile at the dial peer level.

                  SUMMARY STEPS

                    1.    enable

                    2.    configure terminal

                    3.    media class tag

                    4.    police profile tag

                    5.    exit

                    6.    dial-peer voice tag voip

                    7.    media-class tag

                    8.    end


                  DETAILED STEPS
                     Command or ActionPurpose
                    Step 1enable


                    Example:
                    Router> enable
                     

                    Enables privileged EXEC mode.

                     
                    Step 2configure terminal


                    Example:
                    Router# configure terminal
                     

                    Enters global configuration mode.

                     
                    Step 3media class tag


                    Example:
                    Router(config)# media class 1
                     

                    Configures a media class and enters media class configuration mode.

                     
                    Step 4police profile tag


                    Example:
                    Router(cfg-mediaclass)# police profile 1
                     

                    Applies the media bandwidth policing profile to the media class.

                     
                    Step 5exit


                    Example:
                    Router(cfg-mediaclass)# exit
                     

                    Exits media class configuration mode and enters global configuration mode.

                     
                    Step 6dial-peer voice tag voip


                    Example:
                    Router(config)# dial-peer voice 1 voip
                     

                    Enters dial peer voice configuration mode.

                     
                    Step 7media-class tag


                    Example:
                    Router(config-dial-peer)# media-class 1
                     

                    Applies the media class at the dial peer level.

                     
                    Step 8end


                    Example:
                    Router(config-dial-peer)# end
                     

                    Exits dial peer voice configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.

                     

                    Enabling SNMP Traps for the Media Bandwidth Policing Feature at the Global Level

                    SUMMARY STEPS

                      1.    enable

                      2.    configure terminal

                      3.    snmp-server enable traps voice media-policy

                      4.    exit


                    DETAILED STEPS
                       Command or ActionPurpose
                      Step 1enable


                      Example:
                      Router> enable
                       
                      Enables privileged EXEC mode.

                      • Enter your password if prompted.

                       
                      Step 2configure terminal


                      Example:
                      Router# configure terminal
                       

                      Enters global configuration mode.

                       
                      Step 3snmp-server enable traps voice media-policy


                      Example:
                      Router(config)# snmp-server enable traps voice media-policy
                       

                      Enables SNMP media policy voice traps at the global level.

                       
                      Step 4exit


                      Example:
                      Router(config)# exit
                       

                      Exits global configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.

                       

                      Enabling SNMP Traps for the Media Bandwidth Policing Feature at the Dial Peer Level

                      SUMMARY STEPS

                        1.    enable

                        2.    configure terminal

                        3.    dial-peer voice tag voip

                        4.    snmp enable peer-trap media-policy

                        5.    end


                      DETAILED STEPS
                         Command or ActionPurpose
                        Step 1 enable


                        Example:
                        Router> enable
                         
                        Enables privileged EXEC mode.

                        • Enter your password if prompted.

                         
                        Step 2configure terminal


                        Example:
                        Router# configure terminal
                         

                        Enters global configuration mode.

                         
                        Step 3dial-peer voice tag voip


                        Example:
                        Router(config)# dial-peer voice 4 voip
                         

                        Enters dial peer voice configuration mode.

                         
                        Step 4snmp enable peer-trap media-policy


                        Example:
                        Router(config-dial-peer)# snmp enable peer-trap media-policy
                         

                        Enables SNMP media policy voice traps at the dial peer level.

                         
                        Step 5end


                        Example:
                        Router(config-dial-peer)# end
                         

                        Exits dial peer configuration mode and enters privileged EXEC mode.

                         

                        Verifying the AS SIP-Media Bandwidth Policing Profile Feature

                        Perform this task to verify the configuration for AS SIP-Media Bandwidth Policing Profile feature on Cisco UBE. The show commands need not be entered in any specific order.

                        SUMMARY STEPS

                          1.    enable

                          2.    show call history voice brief

                          3.    show call history voice stats

                          4.    show call history voice stats

                          5.    show call history video brief

                          6.    show call history video stats

                          7.    show call active voice brief

                          8.    show call active voice stats

                          9.    show call active video brief

                          10.    show call history video stats

                          11.    show dial-peer voice


                        DETAILED STEPS
                          Step 1   enable


                          Example:
                          Router> enable

                          Enables privileged EXEC mode.

                          Step 2   show call history voice brief


                          Example:
                          Router# show call history voice brief

<ID>: <CallID> <start>ms.<index> (<start>) +<connect> +<disc> pid:<peer_id> <direction> <addr>
  dur hh:mm:ss tx:<packets>/<bytes> rx:<packets>/<bytes> <disc-cause>(<text>) dscp:<packets violation> media:<packets violation> audio tos:<audio tos value> video tos:<video tos value>
 IP <ip>:<udp> rtt:<time>ms pl:<play>/<gap>ms lost:<lost>/<early>/<late>
  delay:<last>/<min>/<max>ms <codec>  <textrelay> <transcoded>
 
 media inactive detected:<y/n> media cntrl rcvd:<y/n> timestamp:<time>
 
 long duration call detected:<y/n> long duration call duration :<sec> timestamp:<time>
  MODEMPASS <method> buf:<fills>/<drains> loss <overall%> <multipkt>/<corrected>
   last <buf event time>s dur:<Min>/<Max>s
 FR <protocol> [int dlci cid] vad:<y/n> dtmf:<y/n> seq:<y/n>
  <codec> (payload size)
 ATM <protocol> [int vpi/vci cid] vad:<y/n> dtmf:<y/n> seq:<y/n>
  <codec> (payload size)
 Telephony <int> (callID) [channel_id] tx:<tot>/<voice>/<fax>ms <codec> noise:<lvl>dBm acom:<lvl>dBm
  MODEMRELAY info:<rcvd>/<sent>/<resent> xid:<rcvd>/<sent> total:<rcvd>/<sent>/<drops> disc:<cause code>
             speeds(bps): local <rx>/<tx> remote <rx>/<tx>
 Proxy <ip>:<audio udp>,<video udp>,<tcp0>,<tcp1>,<tcp2>,<tcp3> endpt: <type>/<manf>
 bw: <req>/<act> codec: <audio>/<video>
  tx: <audio pkts>/<audio bytes>,<video pkts>/<video bytes>,<t120 pkts>/<t120 bytes>
 rx: <audio pkts>/<audio bytes>,<video pkts>/<video bytes>,<t120 pkts>/<t120 bytes>
 
 
 
Telephony call-legs: 0
SIP call-legs: 0
H323 call-legs: 0
Call agent controlled call-legs: 0
Total call-legs: 0

                          Displays a truncated version of the call history table for voice calls.

                          Step 3   show call history voice stats


                          Example:
                          Router# show call history voice stats

<ID>: <CallID> <start>ms.<index> (<start>) +<connect> +<disc> pid:<peer_id> <direction> <addr>
  dur hh:mm:ss tx:<packets>/<bytes> rx:<packets>/<bytes> <disc-cause>(<text>) dscp:<packets violation> media:<packets violation> audio tos:<audio tos value> video tos:<video tos value>
DSP/TX: PK=, SG=, NS=, DU=, VO=
DSP/RX: PK=, SG=, CF=, RX=, VO=, BS=, BP=, LP=, EP=
DSP/PD: CU=, MI=, MA=, CO=, IJ=
DSP/PE: PC=, IC=, SC=, RM=, BO=, EE=
DSP/LE: TP=, TX=, RP=, RM=, BN=, ER=, AC=
DSP/ER: RD=, TD=, RC=, TC=
DSP/IC: IC=
 
DSP/EC: CI=, FM=, FP=, VS=, GT=, GR=, JD=, JN=, JM=, JX=
DSP/KF: KF=, AV=, MI=, BS=, NB=, FL=, NW=, VR=
DSP/CS: CR=, AV=, MX=, CT=, TT=, OK=, CS=, SC=, TS=, DC=
DSP/RF: ML=, MC=, R1=, R2=, IF=, ID=, IE=, BL=, R0=, VR=
DSP/UC: U1=, U2=, T1=, T2=
DSP/DL: RT=, ED=
 
MIC Direction:
 
DSP/NR: NR=, ND=, LV=, IN=
DSP/AS: AE=, AD=, AM=, AV=, NT=, DT=, TT=, TD=, LF=, LD=
EAR Direction:
 
DSP/NR: NR=, ND=, LV=, IN=
DSP/AS: AE=, AD=, AM=, AV=, NT=, DT=, TT=, TD=, LF=, LD=
 
Telephony call-legs: 0
SIP call-legs: 0
H323 call-legs: 0
Call agent controlled call-legs: 0
Total call-legs: 0

                          Displays the call history table for voice calls.

                          Step 4   show call history voice stats


                          Example:
                          Router#  show call history voice stats

<ID>: <CallID> <start>ms.<index> (<start>) +<connect> +<disc> pid:<peer_id> <direction> <addr>
  dur hh:mm:ss tx:<packets>/<bytes> rx:<packets>/<bytes> <disc-cause>(<text>) dscp:<packets violation> media:<packets violation> audio tos:<audio tos value> video tos:<video tos value>
DSP/TX: PK=, SG=, NS=, DU=, VO=
DSP/RX: PK=, SG=, CF=, RX=, VO=, BS=, BP=, LP=, EP=
DSP/PD: CU=, MI=, MA=, CO=, IJ=
DSP/PE: PC=, IC=, SC=, RM=, BO=, EE=
DSP/LE: TP=, TX=, RP=, RM=, BN=, ER=, AC=
DSP/ER: RD=, TD=, RC=, TC=
DSP/IC: IC=
 
DSP/EC: CI=, FM=, FP=, VS=, GT=, GR=, JD=, JN=, JM=, JX=
DSP/KF: KF=, AV=, MI=, BS=, NB=, FL=, NW=, VR=
DSP/CS: CR=, AV=, MX=, CT=, TT=, OK=, CS=, SC=, TS=, DC=
DSP/RF: ML=, MC=, R1=, R2=, IF=, ID=, IE=, BL=, R0=, VR=
DSP/UC: U1=, U2=, T1=, T2=
DSP/DL: RT=, ED=
 
MIC Direction:
 
DSP/NR: NR=, ND=, LV=, IN=
DSP/AS: AE=, AD=, AM=, AV=, NT=, DT=, TT=, TD=, LF=, LD=
EAR Direction:
 
DSP/NR: NR=, ND=, LV=, IN=
DSP/AS: AE=, AD=, AM=, AV=, NT=, DT=, TT=, TD=, LF=, LD=
 
Telephony call-legs: 0
SIP call-legs: 0
H323 call-legs: 0
Call agent controlled call-legs: 0
Total call-legs: 0

                          Displays information about digital signal processing (DSP) voice quality metrics.

                          Step 5   show call history video brief


                          Example:
                          Router# show call history video brief

<ID>: <CallID> <start>ms.<index> (<start>) +<connect> +<disc> pid:<peer_id> <direction> <addr>
  dur hh:mm:ss tx:<packets>/<bytes> rx:<packets>/<bytes> <disc-cause>(<text>) dscp:<packets violation> media:<packets violation> audio tos:<audio tos value> video tos:<video tos value>
 IP <ip>:<udp> rtt:<time>ms pl:<play>/<gap>ms lost:<lost>/<early>/<late>
  delay:<last>/<min>/<max>ms <codec>  <textrelay> <transcoded>
 
 media inactive detected:<y/n> media cntrl rcvd:<y/n> timestamp:<time>
 
 long duration call detected:<y/n> long duration call duration :<sec> timestamp:<time>
  MODEMPASS <method> buf:<fills>/<drains> loss <overall%> <multipkt>/<corrected>
   last <buf event time>s dur:<Min>/<Max>s
 FR <protocol> [int dlci cid] vad:<y/n> dtmf:<y/n> seq:<y/n>
  <codec> (payload size)
 ATM <protocol> [int vpi/vci cid] vad:<y/n> dtmf:<y/n> seq:<y/n>
  <codec> (payload size)
 Telephony <int> (callID) [channel_id] tx:<tot>/<voice>/<fax>ms <codec> noise:<lvl>dBm acom:<lvl>dBm
   video: h320:<call type> tx:<video codec> <video pkts>/<video bytes> rx:<video codec> <video pkts>/<video bytes>
  MODEMRELAY info:<rcvd>/<sent>/<resent> xid:<rcvd>/<sent> total:<rcvd>/<sent>/<drops> disc:<cause code>
             speeds(bps): local <rx>/<tx> remote <rx>/<tx>
 Proxy <ip>:<audio udp>,<video udp>,<tcp0>,<tcp1>,<tcp2>,<tcp3> endpt: <type>/<manf>
 bw: <req>/<act> codec: <audio>/<video>
  tx: <audio pkts>/<audio bytes>,<video pkts>/<video bytes>,<t120 pkts>/<t120 bytes>
 rx: <audio pkts>/<audio bytes>,<video pkts>/<video bytes>,<t120 pkts>/<t120 bytes>
  
Telephony call-legs: 0
SIP call-legs: 0
H323 call-legs: 0
Call agent controlled call-legs: 0
Total call-legs: 0

                          Displays a truncated version of video call history information.

                          Step 6   show call history video stats


                          Example:
                          Router# show call history video stats

<ID>: <CallID> <start>ms.<index> (<start>) +<connect> +<disc> pid:<peer_id> <direction> <addr>
  dur hh:mm:ss tx:<packets>/<bytes> rx:<packets>/<bytes> <disc-cause>(<text>) dscp:<packets violation> media:<packets violation> audio tos:<audio tos value> video tos:<video tos value>
Telephony call-legs: 0
SIP call-legs: 0
H323 call-legs: 0
Call agent controlled call-legs: 0
Total call-legs: 0

                          Displays call history information for signaling connection control protocol (SCCP) video calls.

                          Step 7   show call active voice brief


                          Example:
                          Router# show call active voice brief

<ID>: <CallID> <start>ms.<index> (<start>) +<connect> pid:<peer_id> <dir> <addr> <state>
  dur hh:mm:ss tx:<packets>/<bytes> rx:<packets>/<bytes> dscp:<packets violation> media:<packets violation> audio tos:<audio tos value> video tos:<video tos value>
 IP <ip>:<udp> rtt:<time>ms pl:<play>/<gap>ms lost:<lost>/<early>/<late>
  delay:<last>/<min>/<max>ms <codec> <textrelay> <transcoded
 
 media inactive detected:<y/n> media cntrl rcvd:<y/n> timestamp:<time>
 
 long duration call detected:<y/n> long duration call duration :<sec> timestamp:<time>
  MODEMPASS <method> buf:<fills>/<drains> loss <overall%> <multipkt>/<corrected>
   last <buf event time>s dur:<Min>/<Max>s
 FR <protocol> [int dlci cid] vad:<y/n> dtmf:<y/n> seq:<y/n>
  <codec> (payload size)
 ATM <protocol> [int vpi/vci cid] vad:<y/n> dtmf:<y/n> seq:<y/n>
  <codec> (payload size)
 Tele <int> (callID) [channel_id] tx:<tot>/<v>/<fax>ms <codec> noise:<l> acom:<l> i/o:<l>/<l> dBm
  MODEMRELAY info:<rcvd>/<sent>/<resent> xid:<rcvd>/<sent> total:<rcvd>/<sent>/<drops>
         speeds(bps): local <rx>/<tx> remote <rx>/<tx>
 Proxy <ip>:<audio udp>,<video udp>,<tcp0>,<tcp1>,<tcp2>,<tcp3> endpt: <type>/<manf>
 bw: <req>/<act> codec: <audio>/<video>
  tx: <audio pkts>/<audio bytes>,<video pkts>/<video bytes>,<t120 pkts>/<t120 bytes>
 rx: <audio pkts>/<audio bytes>,<video pkts>/<video bytes>,<t120 pkts>/<t120 bytes>
                          Step 8   show call active voice stats


                          Example:
                          Router# show call active voice stats

<ID>: <CallID> <start>ms.<index> (<start>) +<connect> +<disc> pid:<peer_id> <direction> <addr>
  dur hh:mm:ss tx:<packets>/<bytes> rx:<packets>/<bytes> dscp:<packets violation> audio tos:<audio tos value> video tos:<video tos value>
 
DSP/TX: PK=, SG=, NS=, DU=, VO=
DSP/RX: PK=, SG=, CF=, RX=, VO=, BS=, BP=, LP=, EP=
DSP/PD: CU=, MI=, MA=, CO=, IJ=
DSP/PE: PC=, IC=, SC=, RM=, BO=, EE=
DSP/LE: TP=, TX=, RP=, RM=, BN=, ER=, AC=
DSP/ER: RD=, TD=, RC=, TC=
DSP/IC: IC=
 
DSP/EC: CI=, FM=, FP=, VS=, GT=, GR=, JD=, JN=, JM=, JX=
DSP/KF: KF=, AV=, MI=, BS=, NB=, FL=, NW=, VR=
DSP/CS: CR=, AV=, MX=, CT=, TT=, OK=, CS=, SC=, TS=, DC=
DSP/RF: ML=, MC=, R1=, R2=, IF=, ID=, IE=, BL=, R0=, VR=
DSP/UC: U1=, U2=, T1=, T2=
DSP/DL: RT=, ED=
 
MIC Direction:
 
DSP/NR: NR=, ND=, LV=, IN=
DSP/AS: AE=, AD=, AM=, AV=, NT=, DT=, TT=, TD=, LF=, LD=
EAR Direction:
 
DSP/NR: NR=, ND=, LV=, IN=
DSP/AS: AE=, AD=, AM=, AV=, NT=, DT=, TT=, TD=, LF=, LD=
 
Telephony call-legs: 0
SIP call-legs: 0
H323 call-legs: 0
Call agent controlled call-legs: 0
SCCP call-legs: 0
Multicast call-legs: 0
Total call-legs: 0

                          Displays information about DSP voice quality metrics.

                          Step 9   show call active video brief


                          Example:
                          Router# show call active video brief

<ID>: <CallID> <start>ms.<index> (<start>) +<connect> pid:<peer_id> <dir> <addr> <state>
  dur hh:mm:ss tx:<packets>/<bytes> rx:<packets>/<bytes> dscp:<packets violation> media:<packets violation> audio tos:<audio tos value> video tos:<video tos value>
 IP <ip>:<udp> rtt:<time>ms pl:<play>/<gap>ms lost:<lost>/<early>/<late>
  delay:<last>/<min>/<max>ms <codec> <textrelay> <transcoded
 
 media inactive detected:<y/n> media cntrl rcvd:<y/n> timestamp:<time>
 
 long duration call detected:<y/n> long duration call duration :<sec> timestamp:<time>
  MODEMPASS <method> buf:<fills>/<drains> loss <overall%> <multipkt>/<corrected>
   last <buf event time>s dur:<Min>/<Max>s
 FR <protocol> [int dlci cid] vad:<y/n> dtmf:<y/n> seq:<y/n>
  <codec> (payload size)
 ATM <protocol> [int vpi/vci cid] vad:<y/n> dtmf:<y/n> seq:<y/n>
  <codec> (payload size)
 Tele <int> (callID) [channel_id] tx:<tot>/<v>/<fax>ms <codec> noise:<l> acom:<l> i/o:<l>/<l> dBm
   video: h320:<type> tx:<video codec> <video pkts>/<video bytes> rx:<video codec> <video pkts>/<video bytes>
  MODEMRELAY info:<rcvd>/<sent>/<resent> xid:<rcvd>/<sent> total:<rcvd>/<sent>/<drops>
         speeds(bps): local <rx>/<tx> remote <rx>/<tx>
 Proxy <ip>:<audio udp>,<video udp>,<tcp0>,<tcp1>,<tcp2>,<tcp3> endpt: <type>/<manf>
 bw: <req>/<act> codec: <audio>/<video>
  tx: <audio pkts>/<audio bytes>,<video pkts>/<video bytes>,<t120 pkts>/<t120 bytes>
 rx: <audio pkts>/<audio bytes>,<video pkts>/<video bytes>,<t120 pkts>/<t120 bytes>

                          Displays a truncated version of active video call information.

                          Step 10   show call history video stats


                          Example:
                          Router# show call history video stats

<ID>: <CallID> <start>ms.<index> (<start>) +<connect> +<disc> pid:<peer_id> <direction> <addr>
  dur hh:mm:ss tx:<packets>/<bytes> rx:<packets>/<bytes> <disc-cause>(<text>) dscp:<packets violation> media:<packets violation> audio tos:<audio tos value> video tos:<video tos value>
Telephony call-legs: 0
SIP call-legs: 0
H323 call-legs: 0
Call agent controlled call-legs: 0
Total call-legs: 0

                          Displays call history information for SCCP video calls.

                          Step 11   show dial-peer voice


                          Example:
                          Router# show dial-peer voice 

VoiceOverIpPeer565656
        peer type = voice, system default peer = FALSE, information type = voice,
        description = `',
        tag = 565656, destination-pattern = `',
        voice reg type = 0, corresponding tag = 0,
        allow watch = FALSE
        answer-address = `', preference=0,
        CLID Restriction = None
        CLID Network Number = `'
        CLID Second Number sent
        CLID Override RDNIS = disabled,
        rtp-ssrc mux = system
        source carrier-id = `', target carrier-id = `',
        source trunk-group-label = `',  target trunk-group-label = `',
        numbering Type = `unknown'
        group = 565656, Admin state is up, Operation state is down,
        incoming called-number = `', connections/maximum = 0/unlimited,
        bandwidth/maximum = 0/unlimited,
        DTMF Relay = disabled,
        modem transport = system,
        URI classes:
            Incoming (Request) =
            Incoming (Via) =
            Incoming (To) =
            Incoming (From) =
            Destination =
        huntstop = disabled,
        in bound application associated: 'DEFAULT'
        out bound application associated: ''
        dnis-map =
        permission :both
        incoming COR list:maximum capability
        outgoing COR list:minimum requirement
        outgoing LPCOR:
        Translation profile (Incoming):
        Translation profile (Outgoing):
        incoming call blocking:
        translation-profile = `'
        disconnect-cause = `no-service'
        advertise 0x40 capacity_update_timer 25 addrFamily 4 oldAddrFamily 4
        mailbox selection policy: none
        type = voip, session-target = `',
        technology prefix:
        settle-call = disabled
        ip media DSCP = ef, ip media rsvp-pass DSCP = ef
        ip media rsvp-fail DSCP = ef, ip signaling DSCP = af31,
        ip video rsvp-none DSCP = af41,ip video rsvp-pass DSCP = af41
        ip video rsvp-fail DSCP = af41,
        ip defending Priority = 0, ip preemption priority = 0
        ip policy locator voice:
        ip policy locator video:
        UDP checksum = disabled,
        session-protocol = sipv2, session-transport = system,
        req-qos = best-effort, acc-qos = best-effort,
        req-qos video = best-effort, acc-qos video = best-effort,
        req-qos audio def bandwidth = 64, req-qos audio max bandwidth = 0,
        req-qos video def bandwidth = 384, req-qos video max bandwidth = 0,
        RTP dynamic payload type values: NTE = 101
        Cisco: NSE=100, fax=96, fax-ack=97, dtmf=121, fax-relay=122
               CAS=123, TTY=119, ClearChan=125, PCM switch over u-law=0,
               A-law=8, GSMAMR-NB=117 iLBC=116, AAC-ld=114, iSAC=124
               lmr_tone=0, nte_tone=0
               h263+=118, h264=119
               G726r16 using static payload
               G726r24 using static payload
        RTP comfort noise payload type = 19
        fax rate = voice,   payload size =  20 bytes
        fax protocol = system
        fax-relay ecm enable
        Fax Relay ans enabled
        Fax Relay SG3-to-G3 Enabled (by system configuration)
        fax NSF = 0xAD0051 (default)
        codec = g729r8,   payload size =  20 bytes,
        video codec = None
        voice class codec = `'
        voice class sip session refresh system
        voice class sip rsvp-fail-policy voice post-alert mandatory keep-alive interval 30
        voice class sip rsvp-fail-policy voice post-alert optional keep-alive interval 30
        voice class sip rsvp-fail-policy video post-alert mandatory keep-alive interval 30
        voice class sip rsvp-fail-policy video post-alert optional keep-alive interval 30
        text relay = disabled
        Media Setting = forking (disabled) flow-through (global)stats-disconnect (disabled)
        Expect factor = 10, Icpif = 20,
        Playout Mode is set to adaptive,
        Initial 60 ms, Max 1000 ms
        Playout-delay Minimum mode is set to default, value 40 ms
        Fax nominal 300 ms
        Max Redirects = 1, signaling-type = cas,
        VAD = enabled, Poor QOV Trap = disabled,
        Source Interface = NONE
        voice class sip url = system,
        voice class sip tel-config url = system,
        voice class sip rel1xx = system,
        voice class sip anat = system,
        voice class sip outbound-proxy = "system",
        voice class sip associate registered-number = system,
        voice class sip asserted-id system,
        voice class sip privacy system
        voice class sip e911 = system,
        voice class sip history-info = system,
        voice class sip reset timer expires 183 = system,
        voice class sip pass-thru headers = system,
        voice class sip pass-thru content unsupp = system,
        voice class sip pass-thru content sdp = system,
        voice class sip copy-list = system,
        voice class sip g729 annexb-all = system,
        voice class sip early-offer forced = system,
        voice calss sip delay-offer forced = disable,
        voice class sip negotiate cisco = system,
        voice class sip block 180 = system,
        voice class sip block 183 = system,
        voice class sip block 181 = system,
        voice class sip preloaded-route = system,
        voice class sip random-contact = system,
        voice class sip random-request-uri validate = system,
        voice class sip call-route p-called-party-id = system,
        voice class sip call-route history-info = system,
        voice class sip call-route url = system,
        voice class sip privacy-policy send-always = system,
        voice class sip privacy-policy passthru = system,
        voice class sip privacy-policy strip history-info = system,
        voice class sip privacy-policy strip diversion = system,
        voice class sip map resp-code 181 = system,
        voice class sip bind control = system,
        voice class sip bind media = system,
        voice class sip bandwidth audio = system,
        voice class sip bandwidth video = system,
        voice class sip encap clear-channel = system,
        voice class sip error-code-override options-keepalive failure = system,
        voice class sip error-code-override cac-bandwidth failure = 488
        voice class sip calltype-video = false
        voice class sip registration passthrough = System
        voice class sip authenticate redirecting-number  = system,
        voice class sip referto-passing = system,
        redirect ip2ip = disabled
        local peer = false
        probe disabled,
        Secure RTP: system (use the global setting)
        mobility=0, snr=, snr_noan=, snr_delay=0, snr_timeout=0
        snr calling-number local=disabled, snr ring-stop=disabled, snr answer-too-soon timer=0
        voice class perm tag = `'
        Time elapsed since last clearing of voice call statistics never
        Connect Time = 0, Charged Units = 0,
        Successful Calls = 0, Failed Calls = 0, Incomplete Calls = 0
        Accepted Calls = 0, Refused Calls = 0,
        Bandwidth CAC Accepted Calls = 0, Bandwidth CAC Refused Calls = 0,
        Last Disconnect Cause is "",
        Last Disconnect Text is "",
        Last Setup Time = 0.
        Last Disconnect Time = 0.

                          Displays information for voice dial peers.

                          Configuration Examples for Configuring DSCP Policing and Media Bandwidth Policing

                          Example: Configuring the AS SIP—DSCP Policing Feature at the Global Level

                          The following example shows how to configure the AS SIP—DSCP Policing feature on the Cisco UBE when the incoming invite is an RPH invite: 

                          Router(config)# voice class dscp-profile 1
Router(config-class)# dscp media audio priority 11
Router(config-class)# dscp media audio flsh af11

Router(config)# voice class dscp-profile 2
Router(config-class)# dscp media audio priority 60
Router(config-class)# dscp media audio flash-override af11

Router(config)# voice class dscp-profile 3
Router(config-class)# violation 10 action disconnect

Router(config)# voice class dscp-profile 4
Router(config-class)# dscp media audio immediate 2
Router(config-class)# dscp media audio flsh 63
Router(config-class)# dscp media audio flash-override af33

Router(config)# voice class dscp-profile 5
Router(config-class)# dscp media audio immediate 1

                          Example: Applying DSCP Policing

                          The following example shows how to apply DSCP policing globally and at the dial peer level:


                          Note

                          The dial peer configuration will have precedence over the global configuration. 

                          Router(config)# voice service voip
Router(conf-voi-serv)# sip
Router(conf-serv-sip)# dscp-profile 2

Router(config)# dial-peer voice 1 voip
Router(config-dial-peer)# session protocol sipv2
Router(config-dial-peer)# voice-class sip resource priority dscp-profile 1

                          Example: Configuring the AS SIP—Media Bandwidth Policing Profile at the Global Level

                          Router(config)# media profile police 1
Router(cfg-mediaprofile)# violation 20000 action disconnect no-syslog
Router(cfg-mediaprofile)# overhead audio 15

                          Example: Applying the Media Bandwidth Policing Profile

                          The following example shows how to apply the media bandwidth policing profile globally and at the dial peer level: 

                          Router(config)# voice service voip
Router(conf-voi-serv)# media police-profile 1

Router(config)# media class 1
Router(cfg-mediaclass)# police profile 1
Router(cfg-mediaclass)# end
Router# configure terminal
Router(config)# dial-peer voice 4 voip
Router(config-dial-peer)# media-class 1

                          Additional References

                          Related Documents

                          Related Topic

                          Document Title

                          Cisco IOS commands

                          Cisco IOS Master Commands List, All Releases

                          Cisco IOS voice commands

                          Modular quality of service CLI overview

                          Modular Quality of Service Command-Line Interface Overview

                          Technical Assistance

                          Description

                          Link

                          The Cisco Support and Documentation website provides online resources to download documentation, software, and tools. Use these resources to install and configure the software and to troubleshoot and resolve technical issues with Cisco products and technologies. Access to most tools on the Cisco Support and Documentation website requires a Cisco.com user ID and password.

                          http:/​/​www.cisco.com/​cisco/​web/​support/​index.html

                          Feature Information for Configuring DSCP Policing and Media Bandwidth Policing

                          The following table provides release information about the feature or features described in this module. This table lists only the software release that introduced support for a given feature in a given software release train. Unless noted otherwise, subsequent releases of that software release train also support that feature.

                          Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and Cisco software image support. To access Cisco Feature Navigator, go to . An account on Cisco.com is not required.
                          Table 1 Feature Information for Configuring DSCP Policing and Media Bandwidth Policing

                          Feature Name

                          Releases

                          Feature Information

                          AS SIP—DSCP Policing

                          15.2(2)T

                          The AS SIP—DSCP Policing feature provides the following functionalities:

                          • A mechanism to map the RPH to the DSCP values in the IP header for audio and video calls.

                          • A policy to match DSCP values of incoming media calls to the preconfigured value and take an action depending upon the configuration.

                          The following commands were introduced or modified:

                          dscp media, dscp-profile, snmp enable peer-trap, snmp-server enable traps voice (dscp profile), violation, voice-class sip resource priority dscp-profile.

                          AS SIP—Media Bandwidth Policing

                          15.2(2)T

                          The AS SIP—Media Bandwidth Policing feature introduces traffic policing on the Cisco UBE to limit media bandwidth usage to the negotiated rate. Excess traffic is dropped when the traffic rate reaches the configured maximum value.

                          The following commands were introduced or modified:

                          media police-profile, media profile police, overhead, police profile, violation (media profile).