Nexus 7000 OSPF鄰接關係問題故障排除

下載選項

  • PDF     (281.2 KB)
    在多種裝置上使用 Adobe Reader 檢視
  • ePub     (91.4 KB)
    在 iPhone、iPad、Android、Sony Reader 或 Windows Phone 上的各種應用程式中檢視
  • Mobi (Kindle)     (88.5 KB)
    在 Kindle 裝置或多部裝置的 Kindle 應用程式上檢視
已更新: 2013 年 9 月 6 日
文件 ID:116422

無偏見用語

本產品的文件集力求使用無偏見用語。針對本文件集的目的，無偏見係定義為未根據年齡、身心障礙、性別、種族身分、民族身分、性別傾向、社會經濟地位及交織性表示歧視的用語。由於本產品軟體使用者介面中硬式編碼的語言、根據 RFP 文件使用的語言，或引用第三方產品的語言，因此本文件中可能會出現例外狀況。深入瞭解思科如何使用包容性用語。

關於此翻譯

思科已使用電腦和人工技術翻譯本文件，讓全世界的使用者能夠以自己的語言理解支援內容。請注意，即使是最佳機器翻譯，也不如專業譯者翻譯的內容準確。Cisco Systems, Inc. 對這些翻譯的準確度概不負責，並建議一律查看原始英文文件（提供連結）。

簡介

本文討論開放最短路徑優先(OSPF)鄰居無法如預期正常聯機時遇到的幾個常見情況。為了避免在Cisco Nexus 7000系列交換機上發生此類意外行為，請確保遵守有關第3層(L3)和虛擬埠通道(vPC)的准則和限制。

背景資訊

在排查問題之前，請確保符合准則和限制。請參閱設計和配置指南：有關L3和vPC的詳細資訊，請參閱Cisco Nexus 7000系列交換器上的虛擬埠通道(vPC)最佳實踐。

用於診斷Nexus 7000上OSPF鄰接問題的過程與Cisco IOS®的過程類似，但Nexus 7000擁有更多內建工具和過濾器來輕鬆識別問題。

OSPF鄰接關係未聯機

有時OSPF鄰接關係未聯機。show ip ospf neighbor命令不顯示鄰居。

R3#show ip ospf neighbor
R3#

導致此問題的原因可能是：

  • L2/L3連線問題
  • 介面上未啟用OSPF
  • 介面定義為被動
  • 子網掩碼不匹配
  • 不匹配的hello/dead間隔
  • 身份驗證金鑰不匹配
  • 不匹配的區域ID
  • 不匹配的傳輸/存根/非純末梢區域(NSSA)選項

若要調查問題，請檢查連線、組態和存取控制清單(ACL)/控制階段管制(CoPP)。

檢查L2/L3連線

  1. 使用ping檢查單播連線。

    • 如果存在連線問題，請發現問題是否由L2 Internet服務提供商(ISP)、物理埠、Gigabit介面轉換器(GBIC)或電纜引起。

      附註：假設沒有ACL/CoPP阻止流量。

    • 如果問題是由硬體或電纜故障造成的，請更換它或將其移到另一個埠以進行故障排除。

  2. 使用ping檢查組播連線。
    N7K1-RP# ping multicast 224.0.0.5 interface vlan 5
    PING 224.0.0.5 (224.0.0.5): 56 data bytes
    64 bytes from 5.5.5.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=1.739 ms
    64 bytes from 5.5.5.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=1.253 ms
    64 bytes from 5.5.5.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=0.866 ms
    64 bytes from 5.5.5.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=1.045 ms
    64 bytes from 5.5.5.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=1.89 ms

    --- 224.0.0.5 ping multicast statistics ---
    5 packets transmitted,
    From member 5.5.5.2: 5 packets received, 0.00% packet loss
    --- in total, 1 group member responded ---
    N7K1-RP#

    使用show int ethernet 1/1命令檢查介面是否乾淨，以及介面是否未出現丟棄或錯誤。
    N7K1-RP# show int ethernet 1/20 | section RX|TX
      RX
        340213 unicast packets  368092 multicast packets  2 broadcast packets
        708307 input packets  233094927 bytes
        0 jumbo packets  0 storm suppression packets
        0 runts  0 giants  0 CRC/FCS  0 no buffer
        0 input error  0 short frame  0 overrun   0 underrun  0 ignored
        0 watchdog  0 bad etype drop  0 bad proto drop  0 if down drop
        0 input with dribble  0 input discard
        0 Rx pause
      TX
        1374131 unicast packets  324752 multicast packets  3 broadcast packets
        1698886 output packets  196282264 bytes
        0 jumbo packets
        0 output error  0 collision  0 deferred  0 late collision
        0 lost carrier  0 no carrier  0 babble  0 output discard
        0 Tx pause
    N7K1-RP#


  3. 確定這些功能是丟棄傳入線路卡、介面還是CPU上的資料包。
  • ACL — 介面的入站/出站
  • 服務品質(QoS) — 在介面上
  • CoPP
QoS

N7K1-RP# show policy-map interface ethernet 1/20


Global statistics status :   enabled

Ethernet1/20

  Service-policy (queuing) input:   default-in-policy
    SNMP Policy Index:  301989913

    Class-map (queuing):   in-q1 (match-any)
      queue-limit percent 50
      bandwidth percent 80
      queue dropped pkts : 0 

    Class-map (queuing):   in-q-default (match-any)
      queue-limit percent 50
      bandwidth percent 20
      queue dropped pkts : 0 

  Service-policy (queuing) output:   default-out-policy
    SNMP Policy Index:  301989922

    Class-map (queuing):   out-pq1 (match-any)
      priority level 1
      queue-limit percent 16
      queue dropped pkts : 0 

    Class-map (queuing):   out-q2 (match-any)
      queue-limit percent 1
      queue dropped pkts : 0 

    Class-map (queuing):   out-q3 (match-any)
      queue-limit percent 1
      queue dropped pkts : 0 

    Class-map (queuing):   out-q-default (match-any)
      queue-limit percent 82
      bandwidth remaining percent 25
      queue dropped pkts : 0
                                                                   

CoPP

show policy-map interface control-plane class test1-copp-class-critical

Control Plane
  service-policy input test1-copp-policy-lenient

    class-map test1-copp-class-critical (match-any)
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-bgp
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-pim
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-rip
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-vpc
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-bgp6
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-igmp
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-lisp
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-msdp
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-ospf
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-pim6
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-rip6
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-rise
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-eigrp
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-lisp6
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-ospf6
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-rise6
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-eigrp6
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-otv-as
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mac-l2pt
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mpls-ldp
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mpls-oam
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mpls-rsvp
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mac-l3-isis
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mac-otv-isis
      match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mac-fabricpath-isis
      match protocol mpls router-alert
      match protocol mpls exp 6
      set cos 7
      police cir 39600 kbps bc 375 ms
        conform action: transmit
        violate action: drop 
      module 1:
        conformed 539964945 bytes,
          5-min offered rate 5093 bytes/sec
          peak rate 5213 bytes/sec
        violated 0 bytes,
          5-min violate rate 0 bytes/sec
      module 2:
        conformed 784228080 bytes,
          5-min offered rate 5848 bytes/sec
          peak rate 7692 bytes/sec
        violated 0 bytes,
          5-min violate rate 0 bytes/sec
      module 3:
        conformed 5114206 bytes,
          5-min offered rate 41 bytes/sec
          peak rate 6656 bytes/sec
        violated 0 bytes,
          5-min violate rate 0 bytes/sec

N7K1#    

檢查OSPF配置

使用這些命令檢查OSPF配置(子網、Hello/Dead間隔、區域ID、區域型別、身份驗證金鑰（如果有）和非被動)，並確保兩邊都匹配。

  1. Show run ospf
  2. Show ip ospf 5 介面
  3. Show ip ospf 5

以下是第一個命令的示例：

N7K1-RP# show run ospf

!Command: show running-config ospf
!Time: Thu May 16 11:27:24 2013

version 6.2(2)
feature ospf

logging level ospf 7

router ospf 5
  router-id 5.5.0.1

interface Vlan5
  ip router ospf 5 area 0.0.0.0

interface loopback5
  ip router ospf 5 area 0.0.0.0

N7K1-RP#

以下是第二個命令的範例：

N7K1-RP# show ip ospf 5 interface
 Vlan5 is up, line protocol is up
    IP address 5.5.5.1/24, Process ID 5 VRF default, area 0.0.0.0
    Enabled by interface configuration
    State DR, Network type BROADCAST, cost 40
    Index 2, Transmit delay 1 sec, Router Priority 1
    Designated Router ID: 5.5.0.1, address: 5.5.5.1
    Backup Designated Router ID: 5.5.0.2, address: 5.5.5.2
    1 Neighbors, flooding to 1, adjacent with 1
    Timer intervals: Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
      Hello timer due in 00:00:00
    No authentication
    Number of opaque link LSAs: 0, checksum sum 0
 loopback5 is up, line protocol is up
    IP address 5.5.0.1/32, Process ID 5 VRF default, area 0.0.0.0
    Enabled by interface configuration
    State LOOPBACK, Network type LOOPBACK, cost 1
    Index 1

N7K1-RP#

以下是第三個命令的範例：

N7K1-RP# show ip ospf 5

 Routing Process 5 with ID 5.5.0.1 VRF default
 Routing Process Instance Number 3
 Stateful High Availability enabled
 Graceful-restart is configured
   Grace period: 60 state: Inactive
   Last graceful restart exit status: None
 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
 Supports opaque LSA
 Administrative distance 110
 Reference Bandwidth is 40000 Mbps
 SPF throttling delay time of 200.000 msecs,
   SPF throttling hold time of 1000.000 msecs,
   SPF throttling maximum wait time of 5000.000 msecs
 LSA throttling start time of 0.000 msecs,
   LSA throttling hold interval of 5000.000 msecs,
   LSA throttling maximum wait time of 5000.000 msecs
 Minimum LSA arrival 1000.000 msec
 LSA group pacing timer 10 secs
 Maximum paths to destination 8
 Number of external LSAs 0, checksum sum 0
 Number of opaque AS LSAs 0, checksum sum 0
 Number of areas is 1, 1 normal, 0 stub, 0 nssa
 Number of active areas is 1, 1 normal, 0 stub, 0 nssa
 Install discard route for summarized external routes.
 Install discard route for summarized internal routes.
   Area BACKBONE(0.0.0.0)
        Area has existed for 1d10h
        Interfaces in this area: 2 Active interfaces: 2
        Passive interfaces: 0  Loopback interfaces: 1
        No authentication available
        SPF calculation has run 47 times
         Last SPF ran for 0.000542s
        Area ranges are
        Number of LSAs: 3, checksum sum 0x84d4
N7K1-RP#

檢查OSPF消息

輸入show ip ospf event-history adjacency命令以驗證OPSF進程傳送和接收調試消息。

附註：最新消息顯示在頂部。

輸出顯示OSPF鄰居之間交換的所有OSPF鄰接消息。形成OSPF鄰接關係後，路由器會經歷幾個狀態變化，然後才與其鄰居完全鄰接。此輸出顯示所有狀態更改和協商。如果存在問題(最大過渡單元(MTU)、連線問題、資料包丟棄)，則會在輸出中反映此問題。

N7K1-RP# show ip ospf 5 event-history adjacency

Adjacency events for OSPF Process "ospf-5"
2013 May 16 10:50:58.121128 ospf 5 [9386]: :   mtu 1600, opts: 0x42, ddbits:
0, seq: 0x6f40fde4
2013 May 16 10:50:58.121124 ospf 5 [9386]: : Sent DBD with 0 entries to 5.5.5.2
on Vlan5
2013 May 16 10:50:58.121114 ospf 5 [9386]: : Sending DBD to 5.5.5.2 on Vlan5
2013 May 16 10:50:58.118030 ospf 5 [9386]: : Nbr 5.5.5.2: LOADING --> FULL, 
event LDDONE
2013 May 16 10:50:58.115840 ospf 5 [9386]: : Built LS Request packet for 5.5.5.2
with 1 entries
2013 May 16 10:50:58.115835 ospf 5 [9386]: :       Add 5.5.0.2(0x1)5.5.0.2 
(0x8000104e)(0x7ef8) (156) to LSR
2013 May 16 10:50:58.115823 ospf 5 [9386]: : Building LS Request packet to 
5.5.5.2
2013 May 16 10:50:58.112201 ospf 5 [9386]: : Nbr 5.5.5.2: EXCHANGE --> LOADING, 
event EXCHDONE
2013 May 16 10:50:58.112026 ospf 5 [9386]: :   seqnr 0x6f40fde4, dbdbits 0x1, 
mtu 1600, options 0x42
2013 May 16 10:50:58.112022 ospf 5 [9386]: : Got DBD from 5.5.5.2 with 0 entries
2013 May 16 10:50:58.111988 ospf 5 [9386]: :   seqnr 0x6f40fde4, dbdbits 0x1, 
mtu 1600, options 0x42
2013 May 16 10:50:58.111984 ospf 5 [9386]: : Got DBD from 5.5.5.2 with 0 entries
2013 May 16 10:50:58.110169 ospf 5 [9386]: :   mtu 1600, opts: 0x42, ddbits: 0, 
seq: 0x6f40fde3
2013 May 16 10:50:58.110165 ospf 5 [9386]: : Sent DBD with 0 entries to 5.5.5.2 
on Vlan5
2013 May 16 10:50:58.110155 ospf 5 [9386]: : Sending DBD to 5.5.5.2 on Vlan5
2013 May 16 10:50:58.106609 ospf 5 [9386]: :   Added 1 out of 1 LSAs to 
request list
2013 May 16 10:50:58.106606 ospf 5 [9386]: :       Added 5.5.0.2(0x1)5.5.0.2 
(0x8000104e) (0x7ef8) (156) to request list
2013 May 16 10:50:58.106586 ospf 5 [9386]: :   seqnr 0x6f40fde3, dbdbits 0x3, 
mtu 1600, options 0x42
2013 May 16 10:50:58.106582 ospf 5 [9386]: : Got DBD from 5.5.5.2 with 1 entries
2013 May 16 10:50:58.106537 ospf 5 [9386]: :   seqnr 0x6f40fde3, dbdbits 0x3,  
mtu 1600, options 0x42
2013 May 16 10:50:58.106532 ospf 5 [9386]: : Got DBD from 5.5.5.2 with 1 entries
2013 May 16 10:50:58.104462 ospf 5 [9386]: : Built reply LSU with 2 LSAs for 
5.5.5.2 128 bytes
2013 May 16 10:50:58.104439 ospf 5 [9386]: :     Added 5.5.5.2(0x2)5.5.0.2 
(0x80000045) (0xaf32) (156)
2013 May 16 10:50:58.104431 ospf 5 [9386]: :     Added 5.5.0.1(0x1)5.5.0.1 
(0x80000ecf) (0xd834) (8)(O)
2013 May 16 10:50:58.104408 ospf 5 [9386]: : Building reply LSU to 5.5.5.2
2013 May 16 10:50:58.104404 ospf 5 [9386]: :   2 requests in LSR (2 left)
2013 May 16 10:50:58.104370 ospf 5 [9386]: : Answering LSR from 5.5.5.2
2013 May 16 10:50:58.100790 ospf 5 [9386]: : Recv LSR from Nbr 5.5.5.2
2013 May 16 10:50:58.099055 ospf 5 [9386]: :   mtu 1600, opts: 0x42, ddbits:  
0x2, seq: 0x6f40fde2
2013 May 16 10:50:58.099051 ospf 5 [9386]: : Sent DBD with 3 entries to 5.5.5.2 
on Vlan5
2013 May 16 10:50:58.099038 ospf 5 [9386]: : Sending DBD to 5.5.5.2 on Vlan5
2013 May 16 10:50:58.095072 ospf 5 [9386]: :   seqnr 0x6f40fde2, dbdbits 0x7, 
mtu 1600, options 0x42
2013 May 16 10:50:58.095068 ospf 5 [9386]: : Got DBD from 5.5.5.2 with 0 entries
2013 May 16 10:50:58.095024 ospf 5 [9386]: : Nbr 5.5.5.2: EXSTART --> EXCHANGE, 
event NEGDONE
2013 May 16 10:50:58.094895 ospf 5 [9386]: :     We are SLAVE, 5.5.5.2 is master
2013 May 16 10:50:58.094890 ospf 5 [9386]: :   seqnr 0x6f40fde2, dbdbits 0x7, 
mtu 1600, options 0x42
2013 May 16 10:50:58.094886 ospf 5 [9386]: : Got DBD from 5.5.5.2 with 0 entries
2013 May 16 10:50:58.093037 ospf 5 [9386]: :   mtu 1600, opts: 0x42, ddbits: 0x7,
seq: 0x7273409a
2013 May 16 10:50:58.093033 ospf 5 [9386]: : Sent DBD with 0 entries to 5.5.5.2 
on Vlan5
2013 May 16 10:50:58.093029 ospf 5 [9386]: : Sending DBD to 5.5.5.2 on Vlan5
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092915 ospf 5 [9386]: : Nbr 5.5.5.2: INIT --> EXSTART, 
event TWOWAYRCVD
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092862 ospf 5 [9386]: : Nbr 5.5.5.2: TWOWAY --> EXSTART, 
event ADJOK
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092763 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]: Interface Vlan5  ---> BDR
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092757 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]: Elected 5.5.0.2 as DR, 
5.5.0.1 as BDR
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092690 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   This nbr 5.5.5.2 promoted 
to current dr
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092687 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Walking neighbor 5.5.5.2 
(0x93e3524), state TWOWAY
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092683 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Neighbor not declared DR, 
ignoring
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092680 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Walking neighbor 5.5.5.1 
(0xac1f7514), state SELF
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092676 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]: DR election starting
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092673 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   This neighbor is greater 
than 2way
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092670 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Walking neighbor 5.5.5.2 
(0x93e3524), state TWOWAY
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092666 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Compare done, new current 
bdr 5.5.5.1
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092663 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Current BDR set to this 
neighbor
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092660 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   This neighbor is in 
consideration for bdr
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092657 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   This neighbor is greater 
than 2way
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092654 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Walking neighbor 5.5.5.1 
(0xac1f7514), state SELF
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092650 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]: BDR election starting
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092647 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]: DR/BDR Status of this router 
changed, new election run
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092643 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   This nbr 5.5.5.2 promoted 
to current dr
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092639 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Walking neighbor 5.5.5.2 
(0x93e3524), state TWOWAY
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092635 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Neighbor not declared DR, 
ignoring
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092632 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Walking neighbor 5.5.5.1 
(0xac1f7514), state SELF
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092628 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]: DR election starting
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092625 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   This neighbor is greater 
than 2way
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092622 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Walking neighbor 5.5.5.2 
(0x93e3524), state TWOWAY
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092618 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Compare done, new current
bdr 5.5.5.1
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092613 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Current BDR set to this 
neighbor
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092610 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   This neighbor is in 
consideration for bdr
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092607 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   This neighbor is greater 
than 2way
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092604 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]:   Walking neighbor 5.5.5.1 
(0xac1f7514), state SELF
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092597 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]: BDR election starting
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092573 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]: Current 0.0.0.0 as DR, 
0.0.0.0 as BDR
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092567 ospf 5 [9386]: [9446]: Begin OSPF DR election on 
Vlan5
2013 May 16 10:50:58.092432 ospf 5 [9386]: : Nbr 5.5.5.2: DOWN --> INIT, 
event HELLORCVD

疑難排解

如果調查L2/3連線、配置和OSPF允許的流量未發現問題並在清單中顯示鄰居，請開啟Cisco技術支援中心(TAC)案例。輸入以下命令並向TAC提供來自兩個鄰居輸出的資訊：

  • 顯示運行
  • Show tech-support ospf

OSPF鄰居停滯在初始化(INIT)狀態

有時鄰居停滯在INIT狀態，這表示Nexus 7000看到來自鄰居的hello資料包，但在該hello資料包中看不到其路由器ID，以便進入雙向的下一個狀態。

router2#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State     Dead Time   Address         Interface
170.170.5.1     1     INIT/-    00:00:34    170.170.1.1     ethernet 1/1
router-2#

導致此問題的原因可能是：

  • 一端使用ACL阻止hello資料包。
  • 一端是使用Network Address Translation(NAT)轉換OSPF hello。
  • 一端的多點傳送功能已中斷(L2)。

完成以下步驟以調查問題：

  1. 驗證IP多點傳送控制平面是否工作。
    N7K4# ping multicast 224.0.0.5 interface Ethernet 1/1

    如果ping結果中未看到鄰居的IP地址，則說明有問題。兩邊都檢查

  2. 驗證是否從鄰居收到HELLO資料包。
    N7K4# show ip ospf 5 event-history adjacency

    附註：未顯示傳出hello資料包。



  3. 在每個介面上啟用OSPF鄰接調試，並檢驗hello資料包是否已傳送。
    N7K4#  debug logfile debug-ospf size 10000
    N7K4#  debug-filter ip ospf 5 interface Ethernet 1/1
    N7K4#  debug ip ospf 5 adjacency detail

    附註：不要忘記禁用調試。


    N7K4# undebug all
    N7K4# no debug-filter all
    N7K4# clear debug logfile debug-ospf


  4. 檢驗OSPF是否將資料包傳送到224.0.0.5。
    N7K4# debug logfile ospf_vj
    N7K4# debug-filter ip mpacket interface e1/5
    N7K4# debug-filter ip mpacket direction outbound
    N7K4# debug-filter ip mpacket dest 224.0.0.5
    N7K4# debug ip ospf 5 hello

    N7K4# show debug logfile ospf_vj


    N7K1-RP# show debug logfile ospf_vj
    2013 May 16 11:18:55.202270 ospf: 5 [9386] (default)  LAN hello in, ivl 10/40, 
    options 0x02, mask /24, prio 1, dr 5.5.5.1, bdr 5.5.5
    .2 on Vlan5 from 5.5.5.2
    2013 May 16 11:19:00.527640 ospf: 5 [9386] (default)  LAN hello out, ivl 10/40, 
    options 0x02, mask /24, prio 1, dr 5.5.5.1, bdr 5.5.
    5.2 nbrs 1 on Vlan5 (area 0.0.0.0)
    2013 May 16 11:19:03.500785 ospf: 5 [9386] (default)  LAN hello in, ivl 10/40, 
    options 0x02, mask /24, prio 1, dr 5.5.5.1, bdr 5.5.5
    .2 on Vlan5 from 5.5.5.2
    2013 May 16 11:19:09.515150 ospf: 5 [9386] (default)  LAN hello out, ivl 10/40, 
    options 0x02, mask /24, prio 1, dr 5.5.5.1, bdr 5.5.
    5.2 nbrs 1 on Vlan5 (area 0.0.0.0)
    2013 May 16 11:19:10.406800 ospf: 5 [9386] (default)  LAN hello in, ivl 10/40, 
    options 0x02, mask /24, prio 1, dr 0.0.0.0, bdr 0.0.0
    .0 on Vlan5 from 5.5.5.2
    2013 May 16 11:19:10.417602 ospf: 5 [9386] (default)  LAN hello in, ivl 10/40, 
    options 0x02, mask /24, prio 1, dr 0.0.0.0, bdr 0.0.0
    .0 on Vlan5 from 5.5.5.2
    N7K1-RP#


    附註：不要忘記禁用調試。


    N7K4# clear debug logfile ospf_vj
    N7K4# undebug all
    N7K4# no debug-fil all
    no debug-filter ip mpacket interface Ethernet1/5
    no debug-filter ip mpacket direction outbound
    no debug-filter ip mpacket dest 224.0.0.5
    N7K4#
  5. 驗證資料包是否在ethanalyzer上。
    N7K4# ethanalyzer local interface inband capture-filter "ip proto \ospf"

    N7K1# ethanalyzer local interface inband capture-filter "ip proto \ospf" 
    Capturing on inband
    50 packets captured
    2013-05-16 11:06:34.387196      5.5.5.2 -> 224.0.0.5    OSPF Hello Packet
    2013-05-16 11:06:34.397553      5.5.5.2 -> 224.0.0.5    OSPF Hello Packet
    2013-05-16 11:06:38.895343      5.5.5.1 -> 224.0.0.5    OSPF Hello Packet

    附註：預設虛擬裝置環境(VDC)中必須有一個。

疑難排解

如果調查L2/3連線、配置和OSPF允許的流量未發現問題並顯示鄰居變為FULL，請開啟TAC案例。輸入以下命令並向TAC提供來自兩個鄰居輸出的資訊：

  • 顯示運行
  • Show tech-support ospf

OSPF鄰居停滯在雙向狀態

有時OSPF鄰居停滯在雙向狀態。此案例在廣播網路型別中是正常現象，可降低線路上的泛洪量。如果所有路由器都配置了等於零的優先順序，也會出現這種情況。

附註：只有低端路由器才應配置零優先順序，這樣它們就不會參與指定路由器(DR)選舉。

請參閱為什麼show ip ospf neighbor命令顯示鄰居停滯在雙向狀態？一章。

OSPF鄰居停滯在Exstart/Exchange中

有時OSPF鄰居停滯在Exstart/Exchange狀態。

如果OSPF鄰居的介面之間存在MTU不匹配，或者它們由於傳輸介質而無法使用已配置MTU的資料包大小相互ping，則OSPF鄰居將停滯在exstart/exchange狀態。

router-6# show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
170.170.11.7      1   EXCHANGE/  -    00:00:36    170.170.11.7    Serial2.7
router-6#
router-7# show ip ospf neighbor
Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
170.170.11.6      1   EXSTART/  -     00:00:33    170.170.11.6    Serial0.6

router-7#

導致此問題的原因可能是：

  • MTU不相符 — 一台路由器上的EXCHANGE和另一台路由器上的EXSTART

    附註：您可以使用ip ospf mtu-ignore命令進行配置。

  • 鄰居路由器ID(RID)與其鄰居的EXSTART相同
  • 單播已損壞 — EXCHANGE
    • MTU問題 — 無法使用超過特定長度的資料包通過ping
    • ACL封鎖單點傳播 — 雙向OSPF傳送單點對點(P2P)連結以外的單點傳播封包後
    • NAT轉換單播資料包

完成以下步驟以調查問題：

  1. 使用「不分段(DF)」位元開啟且介面上的最大IP MTU來檢查正常ping。
    N7K4# ping 10.10.12.2 df-bit packet-size 1472

    附註：在Cisco IOS中，輸入ping x.x.x.x size <size>命令時，size指的是IP資料包大小。在Linux中，您指定ping的網際網路控制訊息通訊協定(ICMP)負載，而不是像Cisco IOS中那樣指定IP封包大小。您可能已經知道，Nexus是基於Linux構建的。MTU仍設定為1,500位元組 — 其中20位元組是IP標頭，另外8位元組是ICMP標頭。1,500 - 20 - 8 = 1,472位元組負載。因此，實際IP資料包大小與Cisco IOS相同，即1,500位元組。



  2. 使用show int ethernet 1/1指令檢查傳入介面上是否捨棄封包。
    N7K1-RP# show int ethernet 1/20 | section RX|TX
    RX
        340213 unicast packets  368092 multicast packets  2 broadcast packets
        708307 input packets  233094927 bytes
        0 jumbo packets  0 storm suppression packets
        0 runts  0 giants  0 CRC/FCS  0 no buffer
        0 input error  0 short frame  0 overrun   0 underrun  0 ignored
        0 watchdog  0 bad etype drop  0 bad proto drop  0 if down drop
        0 input with dribble  0 input discard
        0 Rx pause
      TX
        1374131 unicast packets  324752 multicast packets  3 broadcast packets
        1698886 output packets  196282264 bytes
        0 jumbo packets
        0 output error  0 collision  0 deferred  0 late collision
        0 lost carrier  0 no carrier  0 babble  0 output discard
        0 Tx pause
    N7K1-RP#


  3. 使用show policy-map interface control-plane class test1-copp-class-critical命令檢查CoPP是否丟棄OSPF資料包。
    Control Plane
      service-policy input test1-copp-policy-lenient

        class-map test1-copp-class-critical (match-any)
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-bgp
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-pim
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-rip
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-vpc
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-bgp6
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-igmp
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-lisp
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-msdp
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-ospf
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-pim6
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-rip6
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-rise
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-eigrp
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-lisp6
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-ospf6
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-rise6
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-eigrp6
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-otv-as
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mac-l2pt
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mpls-ldp
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mpls-oam
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mpls-rsvp
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mac-l3-isis
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mac-otv-isis
          match access-group name test1-copp-acl-mac-fabricpath-isis
          match protocol mpls router-alert
          match protocol mpls exp 6
          set cos 7
          police cir 39600 kbps bc 375 ms
            conform action: transmit
            violate action: drop 
          module 1:
            conformed 539964945 bytes,
              5-min offered rate 5093 bytes/sec
              peak rate 5213 bytes/sec
            violated 0 bytes,
              5-min violate rate 0 bytes/sec
          module 2:
            conformed 784228080 bytes,
              5-min offered rate 5848 bytes/sec
              peak rate 7692 bytes/sec
            violated 0 bytes,
              5-min violate rate 0 bytes/sec
          module 3:
            conformed 5114206 bytes,
              5-min offered rate 41 bytes/sec
              peak rate 6656 bytes/sec
            violated 0 bytes,
              5-min violate rate 0 bytes/sec

    N7K1#    


  4. 使用show ip ospf 5 event-history adjacency命令或debug ip ospf 5 adjacency命令檢查OSPF資料庫描述符(DBD)交換。
    N7K1-RP#   debug logfile debug-ospf size 10000
    N7K1-RP#   debug-filter ip ospf 5 interface Vlan 5
    N7K1-RP#   debug ip ospf 5 adjacency detail

    以下是範例：
    N7K1-RP#   show debug logfile debug-ospf
    2013 May 20 05:36:23.414376 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state FULL, event HELLORCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:23.414424 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2: FULL --> 
    FULL, event HELLORCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:23.414438 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state FULL, event TWOWAYRCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:23.414450 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2: FULL --> 
    FULL, event TWOWAYRCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.832638 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state FULL, event HELLORCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.832674 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2: FULL --> 
    FULL, event HELLORCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.832695 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   Nbr 5.5.5.2: transitioning 
    to OneWay - did not find ourselves
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.832709 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state FULL, event ONEWAYRCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833073 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM state 
    changed from FULL to INIT, event ONEWAYRCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833120 ospf: 5 [8325]   Begin OSPF DR election on Vlan5
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833140 ospf: 5 [8325]   Current 5.5.0.1 as DR, 5.5.0.2  
    as BDR
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833177 ospf: 5 [8325]   BDR election starting
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833196 ospf: 5 [8325]     Walking neighbor 5.5.5.1  
    (0xaec59188),state SELF
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833211 ospf: 5 [8325]     This neighbor is greater  
    than 2way
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833235 ospf: 5 [8325]     Walking neighbor 5.5.5.2  
    (0x9777584),  state INIT
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833249 ospf: 5 [8325]   DR election starting
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833265 ospf: 5 [8325]     Walking neighbor 5.5.5.1  
    (0xaec59188), state SELF
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833281 ospf: 5 [8325]     This nbr 5.5.5.1 promoted to 
    current dr
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833297 ospf: 5 [8325]     Walking neighbor 5.5.5.2  
    (0x9777584), state INIT
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833404 ospf: 5 [8325]   Elected 5.5.0.1 as DR,  
    0.0.0.0 as BDR
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833440 ospf: 5 [8325]   Interface Vlan5  ---> DR
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833456 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state INIT, event ADJOK
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833474 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Nbr 5.5.5.2: INIT --> 
    INIT, event ADJOK
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.833492 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Nbr 5.5.5.2: FULL --> 
    INIT, event ONEWAYRCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.843309 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state INIT, event HELLORCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.843339 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Nbr 5.5.5.2: INIT --> 
    INIT, event HELLORCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.843357 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   Nbr 5.5.5.2: transitioning 
    to OneWay - did not find ourselves
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.843370 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state INIT, event ONEWAYRCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:28.843386 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Nbr 5.5.5.2: INIT --> 
    INIT, event ONEWAYRCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.244541 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   Got DBD from 5.5.5.2 
    with 0 entries
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.244567 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     seqnr 0x9247f5e, 
    dbdbits 0x7, mtu 1600, options 0x42
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.244622 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state INIT, event TWOWAYRCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.244798 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM state 
    changed from INIT to EXSTART, event ADJOK
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.244859 ospf: 5 [8325]   Begin OSPF DR election on Vlan5
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.244880 ospf: 5 [8325]   Current 5.5.0.1 as DR, 0.0.0.0 
    as BDR
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.244916 ospf: 5 [8325]   BDR election starting
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.244935 ospf: 5 [8325]     Walking neighbor 5.5.5.1 
    (0xaec59288), state SELF
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.244949 ospf: 5 [8325]     This neighbor is greater 
    than 2way
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.244965 ospf: 5 [8325]     Walking neighbor 5.5.5.2 
    (0x9777584), state EXSTART
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.244978 ospf: 5 [8325]     This neighbor is greater 
    than 2way
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.244991 ospf: 5 [8325]     This neighbor is in consideration 
    for bdr
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245004 ospf: 5 [8325]     Current BDR set to this neighbor
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245019 ospf: 5 [8325]     Compare done, new current 
    bdr 5.5.5.2
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245033 ospf: 5 [8325]   DR election starting
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245049 ospf: 5 [8325]     Walking neighbor 5.5.5.1 
    (0xaec59288), state SELF
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245065 ospf: 5 [8325]     This nbr 5.5.5.1 promoted to 
    current dr
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245080 ospf: 5 [8325]     Walking neighbor 5.5.5.2 
    (0x9777584), state EXSTART
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245094 ospf: 5 [8325]     Neighbor not declared DR, 
    ignoring
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245202 ospf: 5 [8325]   Elected 5.5.0.1 as DR, 
    5.5.0.2 as BDR
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245247 ospf: 5 [8325]   Interface Vlan5  ---> DR
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245262 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state EXSTART, event ADJOK
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245299 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Nbr 5.5.5.2: 
    EXSTART --> EXSTART, event ADJOK
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245318 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Nbr 5.5.5.2: 
    INIT --> EXSTART, event TWOWAYRCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245335 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)       We are SLAVE, 
    5.5.5.2 is master
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245348 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state EXSTART, event NEGDONE
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245366 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)         Preparing DBD exchange 
    for nbr 5.5.5.2, 387/5
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245463 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM state 
    changed from EXSTART to EXCHANGE, event NEGDONE
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245483 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Nbr 5.5.5.2: EXSTART --> 
    EXCHANGE, event NEGDONE
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245843 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   Got DBD from 5.5.5.2 
    with 0 entries
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245862 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     seqnr 0x9247f5e, 
    dbdbits 0x7, mtu 1600, options 0x42
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.245997 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Sending DBD to 
    5.5.5.2 on Vlan5
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.246031 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)       Add 5.5.0.2(0x1)5.5.0.2 
    (0x80000084) (0x2c26) (109) to DBD
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.246062 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)       Add 5.5.0.1(0x1)5.5.0.1 
    (0x8000007f) (0xa3c7) (5)(O) to DBD
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.246078 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)       Filled DBD to 5.5.5.2 
    with 2 entries
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.246111 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Sent DBD with 2 entries to 
    5.5.5.2 on Vlan5
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.246128 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   mtu 1600, opts: 0x42, 
    ddbits: 0x2, seq: 0x9247f5e
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.258616 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Recv LSR from Nbr 5.5.5.2
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.258634 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)       schedule flood
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.258674 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   Answering LSR from 5.5.5.2
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.258690 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     1 requests in LSR (1 left)
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.258707 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Building reply LSU to 5.5.5.2
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.258726 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)       Found requested LSA 
    5.5.0.1(1)5.5.0.1 for 5.5.5.2
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.258791 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)       Added 5.5.0.1(0x1)
    5.5.0.1 (0x8000007f) (0xa3c7) (5)(O)
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.258872 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Built reply LSU with 1 LSAs 
    for 5.5.5.2 96 bytes
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.286591 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   Got DBD from 5.5.5.2 
    with 2 entries
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.286615 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     seqnr 0x9247f5f, 
    dbdbits 0x3, mtu 1600, options 0x42
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.286751 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   Got DBD from 5.5.5.2 
    with 2 entries
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.286784 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     seqnr 0x9247f5f, 
    dbdbits 0x3, mtu 1600, options 0x42
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.286804 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)         Found 5.5.5.1(0x2)
    5.5.0.1 (0x80000004) (0x46de) (111) in DBD
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.286870 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)         Added 5.5.5.1(0x2)
    5.5.0.1 (0x80000004) (0x46de) (111)(DO) to request li
    st
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.286889 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)         Found 5.5.0.2(0x1)
    5.5.0.2 (0x80000085) (0x91d0) (5) in DBD
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.286917 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)         Added 5.5.0.2(0x1)
    5.5.0.2 (0x80000084) (0x2c26) (109) to request list
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.286932 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Added 2 out of 2 LSAs 
    to request list
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.287046 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Sending DBD to 
    5.5.5.2 on Vlan5
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.287066 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)       Filled DBD to 
    5.5.5.2 with 0 entries
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.287101 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Sent DBD with 0 entries to 
    5.5.5.2 on Vlan5
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.287121 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   mtu 1600, opts: 0x42, 
    ddbits: 0, seq: 0x9247f5f
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.291760 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   Got DBD from 5.5.5.2 
    with 0 entries
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.291789 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     seqnr 0x9247f60, 
    dbdbits 0x1, mtu 1600, options 0x42
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.291915 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   Got DBD from 5.5.5.2 
    with 0 entries
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.291934 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     seqnr 0x9247f60, 
    dbdbits 0x1, mtu 1600, options 0x42
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.291953 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state EXCHANGE, event EXCHDONE
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.292101 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM state 
    changed from EXCHANGE to LOADING, event EXCHDONE
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.292124 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Nbr 5.5.5.2: EXCHANGE --> 
    LOADING, event EXCHDONE
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.293200 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Building LS Request packet 
    to 5.5.5.2
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.293231 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)         Add 5.5.0.2(0x1)
    5.5.0.2 (0x80000084) (0x2c26) (110) to LSR
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.293262 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)         Add 5.5.5.1(0x2)
    5.5.0.1 (0x80000004) (0x46de) (111)(DO) to LSR
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.293281 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Built LS Request packet for 
    5.5.5.2 with 2 entries
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.297954 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state LOADING, event LDDONE
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.298069 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM state 
    changed from LOADING to FULL, event LDDONE
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.298206 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Nbr 5.5.5.2: LOADING --> 
    FULL, event LDDONE
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.299179 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Sending DBD to 5.5.5.2 
    on Vlan5
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.299199 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)       Filled DBD to 5.5.5.2 
    with 0 entries
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.299233 ospf: 5 [8325] (default) Sent DBD with 0 entries to 
    5.5.5.2 on Vlan5
    2013 May 20 05:36:34.299253 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   mtu 1600, opts: 0x42, 
    ddbits: 0, seq: 0x9247f60
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.746942 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state FULL, event HELLORCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747010 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2: FULL --> 
    FULL, event HELLORCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747024 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2 FSM start: 
    old state FULL, event TWOWAYRCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747046 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)     Nbr 5.5.5.2: FULL --> 
    FULL, event TWOWAYRCVD
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747073 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   Different BDR in hello, 
    invoking nbrchange
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747090 ospf: 5 [8325] (default)   Neighbor 
    priority/options/DR/BDR value changed
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747265 ospf: 5 [8325]   Begin OSPF DR election on Vlan5
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747288 ospf: 5 [8325]   Current 5.5.0.1 as DR,
     5.5.0.2 as BDR
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747329 ospf: 5 [8325]   BDR election starting
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747348 ospf: 5 [8325]     Walking neighbor 5.5.5.1 
    (0xaec59478), state SELF
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747362 ospf: 5 [8325]     This neighbor is greater 
    than 2way
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747648 ospf: 5 [8325]     Walking neighbor 5.5.5.2 
    (0x9777584), state FULL
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747662 ospf: 5 [8325]     This neighbor is greater 
    than 2way
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747676 ospf: 5 [8325]     This neighbor is in consideration 
    for bdr
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747689 ospf: 5 [8325]     Current BDR set to this neighbor
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747705 ospf: 5 [8325]     Compare done, new current bdr 
    5.5.5.2
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747733 ospf: 5 [8325]   DR election starting
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747750 ospf: 5 [8325]     Walking neighbor 5.5.5.1 
    (0xaec59478), state SELF
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747766 ospf: 5 [8325]     This nbr 5.5.5.1 promoted to 
    current dr
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747782 ospf: 5 [8325]     Walking neighbor 5.5.5.2 
    (0x9777584), state FULL
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747796 ospf: 5 [8325]     Neighbor not declared DR, 
    ignoring
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.747948 ospf: 5 [8325]   Elected 5.5.0.1 as DR, 
    5.5.0.2 as BDR
    2013 May 20 05:36:38.748004 ospf: 5 [8325]   Interface Vlan5  ---> DR

    附註：不要忘記禁用調試。


    N7K1-RP#  clear debug logfile debug-ospf
    N7K1-RP#  undebug all
    N7K1-RP#  no debug-fil all

    調查提示：

    1. 查詢不匹配的MTU消息。
    2. 按照序列號並查詢由於DBD刪除而導致的重新傳輸。
    3. 檢查是否收到意外的DBD序列號。

疑難排解

如果調查L2/3連線、配置和OSPF允許的流量未發現問題並顯示鄰居處於聯機狀態，請開啟TAC案例。輸入以下命令並向TAC提供來自兩個鄰居輸出的資訊：

  • 顯示運行
  • Show tech-support ospf

OSPF鄰居停滯在載入狀態

有時OSPF鄰居停滯在載入狀態。

導致此問題的原因可能是：

  • 發出連結狀態(LS)要求，且鄰居傳送錯誤封包或存在記憶體損毀。
    • 輸入show IP OSPF bad命令可檢視錯誤的鏈路狀態通告(LSA)。
    • show log命令顯示OSPF-4-BADLSATYPE消息。
    • 發出LS請求，鄰居忽略該請求。

如果路由器收到過期、損壞或丟失的LSA，OSPF將處於載入狀態，並生成OSPF-4-BADLSA錯誤消息。

輸入以下命令可進行調查：

7K1-RP# show ip ospf traffic vlan 5
 OSPF Process ID 5 VRF default, Packet Counters (cleared 1d12h ago)
 Interface Vlan5, Area 0.0.0.0
  Total: 15214 in, 15214 out
  LSU transmissions: first 88, rxmit 9(13), for req 0, nbr xmit 289801235
  Flooding packets output throttled (IP/tokens): 0 (0/0)
  Ignored LSAs: 0, LSAs dropped during SPF: 0
  LSAs dropped during graceful restart: 0
  Errors: drops in        0, drops out       0, errors in       0,
          errors out      0, hellos in       0, dbds in         0,
          lsreq in        0, lsu in          0, lsacks in       0,
          unknown in      0, unknown out     0, no ospf         0,
          bad version     0, bad crc         0, dup rid         0,
          dup src         0, invalid src     0, invalid dst     0,
          no nbr          0, passive         0, wrong area      0,
          pkt length      0, nbr changed rid/ip addr            0
          bad auth        0
 
           hellos       dbds     lsreqs       lsus       acks
   In:      14957         42         13        108         94
  Out:      14957         46         14        110         87
 
N7K1-RP#

疑難排解

如果調查L2/3連線、配置和OSPF允許的流量未發現問題並顯示鄰居處於聯機狀態，請開啟TAC案例。輸入以下命令並向TAC提供來自兩個鄰居輸出的資訊：

  • 顯示日誌檔案
  • Show tech-support ospf

修訂記錄

修訂 發佈日期 意見
1.0
06-Sep-2013
初始版本
TAC Authored

由思科工程師貢獻

  • Vijay Shanmuganathan
    Cisco TAC Engineer.

這份文件是否有所幫助？

Feedback意見

讓思科協助您

本文件適用於這些產品