在Firepower 4100系列中配置ASA主用/主用故障切換

簡介

本文檔介紹如何在Cisco Firepower 4145 NGFW裝置中配置主用/主用故障切換。

必要條件

需求

思科建議您瞭解以下主題：

• 思科自適應安全裝置(ASA)中的主用/備用故障切換。

採用元件

本文中的資訊係根據以下軟體和硬體版本：

• 思科Firepower 4145 NGFW裝置(ASA) 9.18(3)56
• Firepower可擴展作業系統(FXOS) 2.12(0.498)
• Windows 10
  
  

本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路運作中，請確保您瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。

背景資訊

主用/主用故障切換僅適用於在多情景模式下運行的安全裝置。在此模式下，ASA在邏輯上被劃分為多個虛擬裝置，稱為情景。每個情景都作為獨立裝置運行，具有自己的安全策略、介面和管理員。

主用/主用故障切換是自適應安全裝置(ASA)的一項功能，它允許兩個Firepower裝置同時傳遞流量。 此配置通常用於負載均衡方案，在這種方案中，您希望在兩台裝置之間拆分流量以最大程度地提高吞吐量。它還用於冗餘目的，因此，如果一台ASA發生故障，另一台ASA可以接管而不會導致服務中斷。

流量傳輸

在主用/主用故障切換中，可以按照如下圖所示的幾種模式處理流量。

流量傳輸

流量條件1

• 主要裝置：組1 =活動，組2 =備用
• 輔助裝置：組1 =備用，組2 =活動

流量條件1

流量條件2

• 主要單位：群組1 =作用中，群組2 =作用中
• 輔助裝置：組1 =備用，組2 =備用

流量條件2

流量條件3

• 主要裝置：組1 =備用，組2 =活動
• 輔助裝置：組1 =活動，組2 =備用

流量條件3

流量條件4

• 主要裝置：組1 =備用，組2 =備用
• 輔助裝置：組1 =活動，組2 =活動
  

  流量條件4

網路圖表

本文檔介紹基於此圖的主用/主用故障切換的配置和驗證。

failover lan unit primary failover lan interface fover E1/4 failover link fover_link E1/8 failover interface ip fover 192.168.240.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.240.253 failover interface ip fover_link 192.168.250.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.250.253 failover group 1　　　<--- group 1 is assigned to primary by default preempt 30 failover group 2 secondary preempt 30 failover prompt hostname state priority context

b.為情景配置故障切換組（在主裝置的系統情景中運行命令）。

admin-context admin context admin <--- admin context is assigned to group 1 by default allocate-interface E1/3 config-url disk0:/admin.cfg context con1 allocate-interface E1/1 allocate-interface E1/2 config-url disk0:/con1.cfg join-failover-group 1 <--- add con1 context to group 1 ! context con2 allocate-interface E1/5 allocate-interface E1/6 config-url disk0:/con2.cfg join-failover-group 2 <--- add con2 context to group 2

c.運行 changeto context con1從系統上下文連線con1上下文。配置con1情景介面的IP（在主裝置的con1情景中運行命令）。

interface E1/1 nameif con1-inside ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.10.253 security-level 100 no shutdown interface E1/2 nameif con1-outside ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.20.253 no shutdown

d.運行 changeto context con2從系統上下文連線con2上下文。為con2上下文的介面配置IP（在主裝置的con2上下文中運行命令）。

interface E1/5 nameif con2-inside ip address 192.168.30.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.30.253 security-level 100 no shutdown interface E1/6 nameif con2-outside ip address 192.168.40.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.40.253 no shutdown

步驟 3.輔助裝置上的配置

a.透過SSH或控制檯連線到輔助FXOS CLI。在輔助裝置上配置故障切換（在輔助裝置的系統上下文中運行命令）。

failover lan unit secondary failover lan interface fover E1/4 failover link fover_link E1/8 failover interface ip fover 192.168.240.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.240.253 failover interface ip fover_link 192.168.250.254 255.255.255.0 standby 192.168.250.253

b.運行 failover命令（在輔助單元的系統上下文中運行）。

failover 

步驟 4.在成功完成同步後確認故障轉移狀態

a.在輔助單元的系統上下文中運行show failover。

asa# show failover Failover On Failover unit Secondary Failover LAN Interface: fover Ethernet1/4 (up) Version: Ours 9.18(3)56, Mate 9.18(3)56 Serial Number: Ours FCH23157YFY, Mate FCH23037U8R Group 1 last failover at: 17:00:56 JST Jan 11 2024 Group 2 last failover at: 17:00:56 JST Jan 11 2024 This host: Secondary　　　　<--- group 1 and group 2 are Standby status in Secondary Unit Group 1 State: Standby Ready Active time: 0 (sec) Group 2 State: Standby Ready Active time: 945 (sec) con1 Interface con1-inside (192.168.10.253): Unknown (Waiting) con1 Interface con1-outside (192.168.20.253): Unknown (Waiting) con2 Interface con2-inside (192.168.30.253): Unknown (Waiting) con2 Interface con2-outside (192.168.40.253): Normal (Waiting) Other host: Primary　　　　<--- group 1 and group 2 are Active status in Primary Unit Group 1 State: Active Active time: 1637 (sec) Group 2 State: Active Active time: 93 (sec) con1 Interface con1-inside (192.168.10.254): Normal (Monitored) con1 Interface con1-outside (192.168.20.254): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-inside (192.168.30.254): Normal (Waiting) con2 Interface con2-outside (192.168.40.254): Normal (Waiting) Stateful Failover Logical Update Statistics Link : fover_link Ethernet1/8 (up)

b. （可選）運行 no failover active group 2  命令以手動將主裝置的組2切換到備用狀態（在主裝置的系統上下文中運行）。這樣可以平衡透過防火牆的流量負載。

no failover active group 2

注意：如果運行此命令，則故障切換狀態將與資料流條件1匹配。

驗證

當E1/1關閉時，會觸發組1的故障切換，備用端的資料介面（輔助單元）會接管原始活動介面的IP和MAC地址，確保ASA持續傳遞流量（本文檔中的FTP連線）。 

鏈路斷開前鏈路斷開期間

故障轉移已觸發

步驟 1.啟動從Win10-01到Win10-02的FTP連線

步驟 2.故障切換前確認FTP連線

運行 changeto context con1以從系統上下文連線con1上下文。確認已在兩個ASA單元中建立FTP連線。

asa/act/pri/con1# show conn 5 in use, 11 most used
 ! --- Confirm the connection in Primary Unit TCP con1-outside 192.168.20.1:21 con1-inside 192.168.10.1:49703, idle 0:00:11, bytes 528, flags UIO asa/stby/sec/con1# show conn 5 in use, 11 most used
 ! --- Confirm the connection in Secondary Unit TCP con1-outside 192.168.20.1:21 con1-inside 192.168.10.1:49703, idle 0:00:14, bytes 528, flags UIO

步驟 3.主裝置的LinkDOWN E1/1

步驟 4.確認容錯移轉狀態

在系統上下文中，確認故障切換發生在組1中。

注意：故障切換狀態與資料流條件4匹配。

asa/act/sec# show failover Failover On Failover unit Secondary Failover LAN Interface: fover Ethernet1/4 (up) ...... Group 1 last failover at: 20:00:16 JST Jan 11 2024 Group 2 last failover at: 17:02:33 JST Jan 11 2024 This host: Secondary Group 1 State: Active　　<--- group 1 of Secondary Unit is Switching to Active Active time: 5 (sec) Group 2 State: Active Active time: 10663 (sec) con1 Interface con1-inside (192.168.10.254): Normal (Waiting) con1 Interface con1-outside (192.168.20.254): Normal (Waiting) con2 Interface con2-inside (192.168.30.254): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-outside (192.168.40.254): Normal (Monitored) Other host: Primary Group 1 State: Failed　　<--- group 1 of Primary Unit is Switching to Failed status Active time: 434 (sec) Group 2 State: Standby Ready Active time: 117 (sec) con1 Interface con1-inside (192.168.10.253): Failed (Waiting) con1 Interface con1-outside (192.168.20.253): Normal (Waiting) con2 Interface con2-inside (192.168.30.253): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-outside (192.168.40.253): Normal (Monitored)

步驟 5.故障轉移後確認FTP連線

運行 changeto context con1以從系統上下文連線con1上下文，確認FTP連線未中斷。

asa/act/sec# changeto context con1 asa/act/sec/con1# show conn 11 in use, 11 most used 
! --- Confirm the target FTP connection exists in group 1 of the Secondary Unit TCP con1-outside 192.168.20.1:21 con1-inside 192.168.10.1:49703, idle 0:00:09, bytes 529, flags UIO 

步驟 6.確認搶佔時間行為

LinkUP E1/1，等待30秒（搶佔時間），故障切換狀態將返回到原始狀態（匹配模式1中的流量流）。

asa/stby/pri# Group 1 preempt mate　　　　<--- Failover is triggered automatically, after the preempt time has passed asa/act/pri# show failover Failover On Failover unit Primary Failover LAN Interface: fover Ethernet1/4 (up) ...... Group 1 last failover at: 11:02:33 UTC Jan 11 2024 Group 2 last failover at: 08:02:45 UTC Jan 11 2024 This host: Primary Group 1 State: Active　　<--- group 1 of Primary Unit is switching to Active status Active time: 34 (sec) Group 2 State: Standby Ready Active time: 117 (sec) con1 Interface con1-inside (192.168.10.254): Normal (Monitored) con1 Interface con1-outside (192.168.20.254): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-inside (192.168.30.253): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-outside (192.168.40.253): Normal (Monitored) Other host: Secondary Group 1 State: Standby Ready　　<---- group 1 of Secondary Unit is switching to Standby status Active time: 125 (sec) Group 2 State: Active Active time: 10816 (sec) con1 Interface con1-inside (192.168.10.253): Normal (Monitored) con1 Interface con1-outside (192.168.20.253): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-inside (192.168.30.254): Normal (Monitored) con2 Interface con2-outside (192.168.40.254): Normal (Monitored)

虛擬MAC地址

在活動/活動故障切換中，始終使用虛擬MAC地址（手動設定值、自動生成的值或預設值）。活動虛擬MAC地址與活動介面相關聯。 

手動設定虛擬MAC地址

為了手動設定物理介面的虛擬MAC地址，可以使用 mac address命令或 mac-address命令（在I/F設定模式下）。以下是手動為實體介面E1/1設定虛擬MAC位址的範例。

注意：請避免在同一個裝置上使用這兩種型別的命令。

asa/act/pri(config)# failover group 1 asa/act/pri(config-fover-group)# mac address E1/1 1234.1234.0001 1234.1234.0002 asa/act/pri(config-fover-group)# changeto context con1 asa/act/pri/con1(config)# show interface E1/1 | in MAC MAC address 1234.1234.0001, MTU 1500 <--- Checking virtual MAC on the Primary Unit(con1) side asa/stby/sec# changeto context con1 asa/stby/sec/con1# show interface E1/1 | in MAC MAC address 1234.1234.0002, MTU 1500 <--- Checking virtual MAC on the Secondary Unit(con1) side

或

asa/act/pri(config)# changeto context con1 asa/act/pri/con1(config)# int E1/1 asa/act/pri/con1(config-if)# mac-addr 1234.1234.0001 standby 1234.1234.0002 asa/act/pri/con1(config)# show interface E1/1 | in MAC MAC address 1234.1234.0001, MTU 1500 <--- Checking virtual MAC on the Primary Unit(con1) side asa/stby/sec# changeto context con1 asa/stby/sec/con1# show interface E1/1 | in MAC MAC address 1234.1234.0002, MTU 1500<--- Checking virtual MAC on the Secondary Unit(con1) side

asa/act/pri(config)# mac-address auto 
INFO: Converted to mac-address auto prefix 31

asa/act/pri(config)# show run all context con1 <--- Checking the virtual MAC addresses generated on con1 context
allocate-interface Ethernet1/1 
mac-address auto Ethernet1/1 a21f.0000.0008 a21f.0000.0009
allocate-interface Ethernet1/2 
mac-address auto Ethernet1/2 a21f.0000.000a a21f.0000.000b
config-url disk0:/con1.cfg
join-failover-group 1

asa/act/pri(config)# show run all context con2 <--- Checking the virtual MAC addresses generated on con2 context
context con2
allocate-interface Ethernet1/5 
mac-address auto Ethernet1/5 a21f.0000.000c a21f.0000.000d
allocate-interface Ethernet1/6 
mac-address auto Ethernet1/6 a21f.0000.000e a21f.0000.000f
config-url disk0:/con2.cfg
join-failover-group 2    

升級