Cisco Secure UNIX的命令授權和許可權級別

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已更新: 2009 年 5 月 14 日

文件 ID:4104

無偏見用語

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關於此翻譯

思科已使用電腦和人工技術翻譯本文件，讓全世界的使用者能夠以自己的語言理解支援內容。請注意，即使是最佳機器翻譯，也不如專業譯者翻譯的內容準確。Cisco Systems, Inc. 對這些翻譯的準確度概不負責，並建議一律查看原始英文文件（提供連結）。

簡介

本文檔提供有關如何使用身份驗證、授權和記帳(AAA)進行集中外殼和命令控制的資訊。

必要條件

需求

本文件沒有特定需求。

採用元件

本文中的資訊係根據以下軟體和硬體版本：

Cisco IOS®軟體版本12.0(5)T及更高版本
適用於UNIX的Cisco安全2.3(6)

本文中的資訊是根據特定實驗室環境內的裝置所建立。文中使用到的所有裝置皆從已清除（預設）的組態來啟動。如果您的網路正在作用，請確保您已瞭解任何指令可能造成的影響。

慣例

請參閱思科技術提示慣例以瞭解更多有關文件慣例的資訊。

AAA流示例

	Cisco IOS（AAA使用者端）	Cisco Secure （AAA伺服器）
	aaa authentication login default group tacacs+ local	user=fred { password=des }
	aaa authorization exec default group tacacs+ local	service-shell { set priv-level=x }
	`privilege exec level x`命令（請參閱下面的註釋。）
	aaa authorization commands # default \ group tacacs none aaa authorization config-commands	service=shell { default cmd=(permit/deny) prohibit=x cmd=y{ }}
	enable secretaaa authentication enable default \ group tacacs+ enable	許可權= des "********" 15

許可權層級

預設情況下，路由器上有三個命令級別：

許可權級別0 -包括disable、enable、exit、help和logout命令
privilege level 1 -包括router>提示符中的所有使用者級命令
許可權級別15 -包括router>提示符中的所有enable-level命令

您可以使用此命令在許可權級別之間移動命令：

privilege exec level priv-lvl command

控制檯埠身份驗證

實施思科錯誤ID CSCdi82030(僅限註冊客戶)之前，控制檯埠授權未作為功能增加。控制檯埠授權預設處於關閉狀態，以降低路由器意外鎖定的可能性。如果使用者可以透過控制檯對路由器進行物理訪問，則控制檯埠授權不會非常有效。但是，對於實現思科漏洞ID CSCdi82030的映像，您可以使用隱藏命令aaa authorization console在line con 0下打開控制檯埠授權。

思科安全使用者設定檔

此輸出顯示使用者配置檔案示例。

# ./ViewProfile -p 9900 -u fred
User Profile Information
user = fred{
profile_id = 189 
profile_cycle = 1 
password = clear "********" 
privilege = clear "********" 15 
service=shell {
cmd=show {
permit "users"
} 
} 
 
}

路由器配置

Partial router configuration:

aaa new-model
aaa authentication login default group tacacs+ local
aaa authentication enable default group tacacs+ none
aaa authorization exec default group tacacs+ none
aaa authorization commands 1 default group tacacs+ none
tacacs-server host 172.18.124.113
tacacs-server key cisco

示例輸出

請注意，由於空間方面的考慮，某些輸出會分為兩行。

AAA會話-使用者捕獲

telnet 10.32.1.64
Trying 10.32.1.64...
Connected to 10.32.1.64.
Escape character is '^]'.


User Access Verification

Username: fred
Password: 

vpn-2503>show users
    Line       User       Host(s)              Idle       Location
   0 con 0                idle                 00:00:51   
*  2 vty 0     fred       idle                 00:00:00 rtp-cherry.cisco.com

  Interface      User        Mode                     Idle     Peer Address

vpn-2503>enable
Password: 
vpn-2503#

AAA會話- Cisco IOS調試

vpn-2503#show debug
General OS:
  TACACS access control debugging is on
  AAA Authentication debugging is on
  AAA Authorization debugging is on
vpn-2503#terminal monitor
vpn-2503#

!--- In this capture, AAA authentication first tries the TACACS+ !--- server (and goes to local authentication only if the server is down), !--- as configured in aaa authentication login default group tacacs+ local.

*Mar 15 18:21:25: AAA: parse name=tty3 idb type=-1 tty=-1
*Mar 15 18:21:25: AAA: name=tty3 flags=0x11 type=5 shelf=0 slot=0 adapter=0
   port=3 channel=0
*Mar 15 18:21:25: AAA/MEMORY: create_user (0x524528) user='' ruser='' port='tty3'
   rem_addr='172.18.124.113' authen_type=ASCII service=LOGIN priv=1
*Mar 15 18:21:25: AAA/AUTHEN/START (4191717920): port='tty3' list=''
   action=LOGIN service=LOGIN
*Mar 15 18:21:25: AAA/AUTHEN/START (4191717920): using "default" list
*Mar 15 18:21:25: AAA/AUTHEN/START (4191717920): Method=tacacs+ (tacacs+)

!--- Test TACACS+ for user authentication.

*Mar 15 18:21:25: TAC+: send AUTHEN/START packet ver=192 id=4191717920
*Mar 15 18:21:25: TAC+: Using default tacacs server-group "tacacs+" list.
*Mar 15 18:21:25: TAC+: Opening TCP/IP to 172.18.124.113/49 timeout=5
*Mar 15 18:21:25: TAC+: Opened TCP/IP handle 0x5475C8 to 172.18.124.113/49
*Mar 15 18:21:25: TAC+: 172.18.124.113 (4191717920) AUTHEN/START/LOGIN/ASCII queued
*Mar 15 18:21:25: TAC+: (4191717920) AUTHEN/START/LOGIN/ASCII processed
*Mar 15 18:21:25: TAC+: ver=192 id=4191717920 received AUTHEN status = GETUSER
*Mar 15 18:21:25: AAA/AUTHEN (4191717920): status = GETUSER
*Mar 15 18:21:27: AAA/AUTHEN/CONT (4191717920): continue_login (user='(undef)')
*Mar 15 18:21:27: AAA/AUTHEN (4191717920): status = GETUSER
*Mar 15 18:21:27: AAA/AUTHEN (4191717920): Method=tacacs+ (tacacs+)
*Mar 15 18:21:27: TAC+: send AUTHEN/CONT packet id=4191717920
*Mar 15 18:21:27: TAC+: 172.18.124.113 (4191717920) AUTHEN/CONT queued
*Mar 15 18:21:27: TAC+: (4191717920) AUTHEN/CONT processed
*Mar 15 18:21:27: TAC+: ver=192 id=4191717920 received AUTHEN status = GETPASS
*Mar 15 18:21:27: AAA/AUTHEN (4191717920): status = GETPASS
*Mar 15 18:21:29: AAA/AUTHEN/CONT (4191717920): continue_login (user='fred')
*Mar 15 18:21:29: AAA/AUTHEN (4191717920): status = GETPASS
*Mar 15 18:21:29: AAA/AUTHEN (4191717920): Method=tacacs+ (tacacs+)
*Mar 15 18:21:29: TAC+: send AUTHEN/CONT packet id=4191717920
*Mar 15 18:21:29: TAC+: 172.18.124.113 (4191717920) AUTHEN/CONT queued
*Mar 15 18:21:29: TAC+: (4191717920) AUTHEN/CONT processed
*Mar 15 18:21:29: TAC+: ver=192 id=4191717920 received AUTHEN status = PASS
*Mar 15 18:21:29: AAA/AUTHEN (4191717920): status = PASS

!--- TACACS+ passes user authentication. There is a check !--- to see if shell access is permitted for this user, as configured in !--- aaa authorization exec default group tacacs+ local.

*Mar 15 18:21:29: TAC+: Closing TCP/IP 0x5475C8 connection to 172.18.124.113/49
*Mar 15 18:21:29: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/EXEC (3409614729): Port='tty3' list='' service=EXEC
*Mar 15 18:21:29: AAA/AUTHOR/EXEC: tty3 (3409614729) user='fred'
*Mar 15 18:21:29: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/EXEC (3409614729): send AV service=shell
*Mar 15 18:21:29: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/EXEC (3409614729): send AV cmd*
*Mar 15 18:21:29: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/EXEC (3409614729): found list "default"
*Mar 15 18:21:29: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/EXEC (3409614729): Method=tacacs+ (tacacs+)
*Mar 15 18:21:29: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (3409614729): user=fred
*Mar 15 18:21:29: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (3409614729): send AV service=shell
*Mar 15 18:21:29: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (3409614729): send AV cmd*
*Mar 15 18:21:29: TAC+: using previously set server 172.18.124.113 from group tacacs+
*Mar 15 18:21:29: TAC+: Opening TCP/IP to 172.18.124.113/49 timeout=5
*Mar 15 18:21:29: TAC+: Opened TCP/IP handle 0x547A10 to 172.18.124.113/49
*Mar 15 18:21:29: TAC+: Opened 172.18.124.113 index=1
*Mar 15 18:21:29: TAC+: 172.18.124.113 (3409614729) AUTHOR/START queued
*Mar 15 18:21:29: TAC+: (3409614729) AUTHOR/START processed
*Mar 15 18:21:29: TAC+: (3409614729): received author response status = PASS_ADD
*Mar 15 18:21:29: TAC+: Closing TCP/IP 0x547A10 connection to 172.18.124.113/49
*Mar 15 18:21:29: AAA/AUTHOR (3409614729): Post authorization status = PASS_ADD
*Mar 15 18:21:29: AAA/AUTHOR/EXEC: Authorization successful
*Mar 15 18:21:32: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/CMD (4185871454): Port='tty3' list='' service=CMD

!--- TACACS+ passes exec authorization and wants to perform the !--- show users command, as configured in !--- aaa authorization commands 1 default group tacacs+ none.

*Mar 15 18:21:32: AAA/AUTHOR/CMD: tty3 (4185871454) user='fred'
*Mar 15 18:21:32: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/CMD (4185871454): send AV service=shell
*Mar 15 18:21:32: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/CMD (4185871454): send AV cmd=show
*Mar 15 18:21:32: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/CMD (4185871454): send AV cmd-arg=users
*Mar 15 18:21:32: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/CMD (4185871454): send AV cmd-arg=
*Mar 15 18:21:32: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/CMD (4185871454): found list "default"
*Mar 15 18:21:32: tty3 AAA/AUTHOR/CMD (4185871454): Method=tacacs+ (tacacs+)
*Mar 15 18:21:32: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (4185871454): user=fred
*Mar 15 18:21:32: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (4185871454): send AV service=shell
*Mar 15 18:21:32: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (4185871454): send AV cmd=show
*Mar 15 18:21:32: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (4185871454): send AV cmd-arg=users
*Mar 15 18:21:32: AAA/AUTHOR/TAC+: (4185871454): send AV cmd-arg=
*Mar 15 18:21:32: TAC+: using previously set server 172.18.124.113 from group tacacs+
*Mar 15 18:21:32: TAC+: Opening TCP/IP to 172.18.124.113/49 timeout=5
*Mar 15 18:21:32: TAC+: Opened TCP/IP handle 0x54F26C to 172.18.124.113/49
*Mar 15 18:21:32: TAC+: Opened 172.18.124.113 index=1
*Mar 15 18:21:32: TAC+: 172.18.124.113 (4185871454) AUTHOR/START queued
*Mar 15 18:21:33: TAC+: (4185871454) AUTHOR/START processed
*Mar 15 18:21:33: TAC+: (4185871454): received author response status = PASS_ADD
*Mar 15 18:21:33: TAC+: Closing TCP/IP 0x54F26C connection to 172.18.124.113/49
*Mar 15 18:21:33: AAA/AUTHOR (4185871454): Post authorization status = PASS_ADD

!--- TACACS+ passes command authorization and wants to !--- get into enable mode, as configured in !--- aaa authentication enable default group tacacs+ enable.

*Mar 15 18:21:34: AAA/MEMORY: dup_user (0x523E58) user='fred' ruser=''
   port='tty3' rem_addr='172.18.124.113' authen_type=ASCII service=ENABLE
   priv=15 source='AAA dup enable'
*Mar 15 18:21:34: AAA/AUTHEN/START (125091438): port='tty3' list=''
   action=LOGIN service=ENABLE
*Mar 15 18:21:34: AAA/AUTHEN/START (125091438): using "default" list
*Mar 15 18:21:34: AAA/AUTHEN/START (125091438): Method=tacacs+ (tacacs+)
*Mar 15 18:21:34: TAC+: send AUTHEN/START packet ver=192 id=125091438
*Mar 15 18:21:34: TAC+: Opening TCP/IP to 172.18.124.113/49 timeout=5
*Mar 15 18:21:34: TAC+: Opened TCP/IP handle 0x54D080 to 172.18.124.113/49
*Mar 15 18:21:34: TAC+: Opened 172.18.124.113 index=1
*Mar 15 18:21:34: TAC+: 172.18.124.113 (125091438) AUTHEN/START/LOGIN/ASCII queued
*Mar 15 18:21:34: TAC+: (125091438) AUTHEN/START/LOGIN/ASCII processed
*Mar 15 18:21:34: TAC+: ver=192 id=125091438 received AUTHEN status = GETPASS
*Mar 15 18:21:34: AAA/AUTHEN (125091438): status = GETPASS
*Mar 15 18:21:37: AAA/AUTHEN/CONT (125091438): continue_login (user='fred')
*Mar 15 18:21:37: AAA/AUTHEN (125091438): status = GETPASS
*Mar 15 18:21:37: AAA/AUTHEN (125091438): Method=tacacs+ (tacacs+)
*Mar 15 18:21:37: TAC+: send AUTHEN/CONT packet id=125091438
*Mar 15 18:21:37: TAC+: 172.18.124.113 (125091438) AUTHEN/CONT queued
*Mar 15 18:21:37: TAC+: (125091438) AUTHEN/CONT processed
*Mar 15 18:21:37: TAC+: ver=192 id=125091438 received AUTHEN status = PASS
*Mar 15 18:21:37: AAA/AUTHEN (125091438): status = PASS
*Mar 15 18:21:37: TAC+: Closing TCP/IP 0x54D080 connection to 172.18.124.113/49
*Mar 15 18:21:37: AAA/MEMORY: free_user (0x523E58) user='fred' ruser='' 
   port='tty3' rem_addr='172.18.124.113' authen_type=ASCII service=ENABLE priv=15

!--- TACACS+ passes enable authentication.

AAA會話- Cisco Secure UNIX調試

!
--- In this capture, AAA authentication first tries the TACACS+ !--- server (and goes to local authentication only if the server is down), !--- as configured in aaa authentication login default group tacacs+ local.

Sep  7 07:22:32 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - AUTHENTICATION
   START request (bace1fbf)
Sep  7 07:22:32 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - 
Sep  7 07:22:32 rtp-cherry User Access Verification

!--- Test TACACS+ for user authentication:

Sep  7 07:22:32 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - Username: 
Sep  7 07:22:33 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - AUTHENTICATION
   CONTINUE request (bace1fbf)
Sep  7 07:22:33 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - Password: 
Sep  7 07:22:35 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - AUTHENTICATION
   CONTINUE request (bace1fbf)
Sep  7 07:22:35 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - Authentication -
   LOGIN successful; [NAS=10.32.1.64, Port=tty2, User=fred, Priv=1]

!--- TACACS+ passes user authentication. There is a check !--- to see if shell access is permitted for this user, as configured in !--- aaa authorization exec default group tacacs+ local.

Sep  7 07:22:35 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - 
Sep  7 07:22:36 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - AUTHORIZATION request (9ad05c71)
Sep  7 07:22:36 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - Authorization - Request authorized;
   [NAS = 10.32.1.64, user = fred, port = tty2, input: service=shell cmd* output: ]

!--- TACACS+ passes exec authorization and wants to perform the !--- show users command, as configured in !--- aaa authorization commands 1 default group tacacs+ none.

Sep  7 07:22:38 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - AUTHORIZATION request (563ba541)
Sep  7 07:22:38 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - Authorization - Request authorized;
   [NAS = 10.32.1.64, user = fred, port = tty2, input: service=shell cmd=show
   cmd-arg=users cmd-arg= output: ]

!--- TACACS+ passes command authorization and wants to !--- get into enable mode, as configured in !--- aaa authentication enable default group tacacs+ enable.

Sep  7 07:22:40 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - AUTHENTICATION
   START request (f7e86ad4)
Sep  7 07:22:40 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - Password: 
Sep  7 07:22:41 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - AUTHENTICATION
   CONTINUE request (f7e86ad4)
Sep  7 07:22:41 rtp-cherry CiscoSecure: DEBUG - Authentication - ENABLE successful;
   [NAS=10.32.1.64, Port=tty2, User=fred, Priv=15]

!--- TACACS+ passes enable authentication.

高級思科安全配置檔案示例

group LANadmins{ service=shell { cmd=interface{ permit "Ethernet " deny "Serial " } cmd=aaa{ deny "." } cmd=tacacs-server{ deny "." } default cmd=permit }	此配置檔案允許屬於組「LAN管理員」成員的任何使用者登入路由器並輸入大多數命令。不允許使用者更改串列介面配置或更改AAA配置（因此他們不能刪除命令授權或停用TACACS伺服器）。
group Boston_Admins{ service=shell { allow "10.28.17.1" "." "." allow bostonswitch "." "." allow "^bostonrtr[0-9]+" "." "." set priv-lvl=15 default cmd=permit } service=shell { allow "^NYrouter[0-9]+" "." "." set priv-lvl=1 default cmd=deny } }	此配置檔案賦予其組成員bostonswitch、bostonrtr1 - bostonrtr9裝置以及10.28.17.1裝置上的啟用許可權。這些裝置允許使用所有命令。對NYrouterX裝置的訪問僅限於使用者exec級別，如果請求授權，所有命令都將被拒絕。
group NY_wan_admins{ service=shell { allow "^NYrouter[0-9]+" "." "." set priv-lvl=15 default cmd=permit } service=shell { allow "^NYcore$" "." "." default cmd=permit cmd=interface{ permit "Serial 0/[0-9]+" permit "Serial 1/[0-9]+" } } }	該組具有對所有NY路由器的完全訪問許可權，以及對Serial 0/x和Serial 1/x介面上的NY核心路由器的完全訪問許可權。請注意，使用者還可以在核心路由器上停用AAA。
user bob{ password = des "******" privilege = des "******" 15 member = NY_wan_admins }	此使用者是「NY_wan_admins」組的成員，並繼承這些許可權。此使用者還指定了登入密碼和啟用密碼。
group LAN_support { service=shell { default cmd = deny cmd = set{ deny "port enable 3/10" permit "port enable " deny "port disable 3/10" permit "port disable " permit "port name " permit "port speed " permit "port duplex " permit "vlan [0-9]+ [0-9]+/[0-9]+" deny "." } cmd = show{ permit "." } cmd = enable{ permit "." } } }	此設定檔是專為Catalyst交換器設計。只允許使用者使用某些set命令。它們不能停用埠3/10（中繼埠）。允許使用者指定埠分配到的VLAN，但所有其他set vlan命令將被拒絕。