在Catalyst 9000X系列交换机上配置IPsec
简介
本文档介绍如何验证Catalyst 9300X交换机上的互联网协议安全(IPsec)功能。
先决条件
要求
Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：
- IPsec
使用的组件
本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本：
- C9300X
- C9400X
- Cisco IOS® XE 17.6.4及更高版本
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。
背景信息
从Cisco IOS® XE 17.5.1开始，Catalyst 9300-X系列交换机支持IPsec。IPsec通过加密和身份验证提供高级别的安全性，并保护数据免遭未经授权的访问。C9300X上的IPsec实施使用sVTI（静态虚拟隧道接口）配置在两个对等体之间提供安全隧道。
Cisco IOS® XE 17.10.1中引入了Catalyst 9400X系列交换机上的IPsec支持。
术语
| IOSd |
IOS守护进程 |
Linux 内核上运行的 Cisco IOS 后台守护程序，作为内核中的软件进程运行。IOSd处理用于建立状态和配置的CLI命令和协议。 |
| PD |
取决于平台 |
特定于运行数据和命令的平台的数据和命令 |
| IPsec |
Internet 协议安全性 |
一种安全网络协议簇，它验证并加密数据空间，以便通过Internet协议网络在两台计算机之间提供安全的加密通信。 |
| SVTI |
静态虚拟隧道接口 |
静态配置的 可应用安全功能的虚拟接口 |
| SA |
安全关联 |
SA是描述实体如何使用安全服务进行安全通信的两个或多个实体之间的关系 |
| FED |
转发引擎驱动程序 |
负责对UADP ASIC进行硬件编程的交换机组件 |
配置
网络图
在本示例中，Catalyst 9300X和ASR1001-X用作具有IPsec虚拟隧道接口的IPsec对等体。
安装HSEC许可证
启用Catalyst 9300X平台上的IPsec功能，需要HSEC许可证(C9000-HSEC)。这与支持IPsec的其他基于Cisco IOS XE的路由平台不同，在支持IPsec的路由平台中，仅需要使用HSEC许可证来增加允许的加密吞吐量。在Catalyst 9300X平台上，如果未安装HSEC许可证，则隧道模式和隧道保护 CLI会被阻止：
C9300X(config)#int tunnel1
C9300X(config-if)#tunnel mode ipsec ipv4
%'tunnel mode' change not allowed
*Sep 19 20:54:41.068: %PLATFORM_IPSEC_HSEC-3-INVALID_HSEC: HSEC license not present: IPSec mode configuration is rejected
当交换机使用智能许可连接到CSSM或CSLU时，请安装HSEC许可证：
C9300X#license smart authorization request add hseck9 local
*Oct 12 20:01:36.680: %SMART_LIC-6-AUTHORIZATION_INSTALL_SUCCESS: A new licensing authorization code was successfully installed on PID:C9300X-24Y,SN:FOC2522L1W7
验证HSEC许可证已正确安装：
C9300X#show license summary
Account Information:
Smart Account: Cisco Systems, TAC As of Oct 13 15:50:35 2022 UTC
Virtual Account: CORE TAC
License Usage:
License Entitlement Tag Count Status
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
network-advantage (C9300X-12Y Network Adv...) 1 IN USE
dna-advantage (C9300X-12Y DNA Advantage) 1 IN USE
C9K HSEC (Cat9K HSEC) 0 NOT IN USE
启用IPsec作为隧道接口上的隧道模式：
C9300X(config)#interface tunnel1
C9300X(config-if)#tunnel mode ipsec ipv4
C9300X(config-if)#end
一旦启用IPsec，HSEC许可证就可以使用
C9300X#show license summary
Account Information:
Smart Account: Cisco Systems, TAC As of Oct 13 15:50:35 2022 UTC
Virtual Account: CORE TAC
License Usage:
License Entitlement Tag Count Status
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
network-advantage (C9300X-12Y Network Adv...) 1 IN USE
dna-advantage (C9300X-12Y DNA Advantage) 1 IN USE
C9K HSEC (Cat9K HSEC) 1 IN USE
SVTI隧道保护
C9300X上的IPsec配置使用标准的Cisco IOS XE IPsec配置。这是使用IKEv2 Smart Defaults的简单SVTI配置，其中我们使用用于IKEv2的默认IKEv2策略、IKEv2提议、IPsec转换和IPsec配置文件。
C9300X配置
ip routing
!
crypto ikev2 profile default
match identity remote address 192.0.2.2 255.255.255.255
authentication remote pre-share key cisco123
authentication local pre-share key cisco123
!
interface Tunnel1
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
tunnel source 198.51.100.1
tunnel mode ipsec ipv4
tunnel destination 192.0.2.2
tunnel protection ipsec profile default
对等体配置
crypto ikev2 profile default
match identity remote address 198.51.100.1 255.255.255.255
authentication remote pre-share key cisco123
authentication local pre-share key cisco123
!
interface Tunnel1
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252
tunnel source 192.0.2.2
tunnel mode ipsec ipv4
tunnel destination 198.51.100.1
tunnel protection ipsec profile default
有关各种IKEv2和IPsec配置结构的详细讨论，请参阅C9300X IPsec配置指南。
验证
IPSec 隧道
C9300X平台上的IPsec实施在架构上不同于路由平台（ASR1000、ISR4000、Catalyst 8200/8300等），其中IPsec功能处理在QFP（量子流处理器）微码中实施。
C9300X转发架构基于UADP ASIC，因此大多数QFP功能FIA实施在这里不适用。
以下是一些主要区别：
- show crypto ipsec sa peer x.x.x.x platform不显示从FMAN到QFP的平台编程信息。
- Packet-trace也不起作用（有关下面的详细信息）。
- UADP ASIC不支持加密流量分类，因此show crypto ruleset platform不适用
IOSd控制平面
IPsec控制平面验证与路由平台的验证完全相同，请参阅。要显示IOSd中安装的IPsec SA，请执行以下操作：
C9300X#show crypto ipsec sa
interface: Tunnel1
Crypto map tag: Tunnel1-head-0, local addr 198.51.100.1
protected vrf: (none)
local ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
remote ident (addr/mask/prot/port): (0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0/0/0)
current_peer 192.0.2.2 port 500
PERMIT, flags={origin_is_acl,}
#pkts encaps: 200, #pkts encrypt: 200, #pkts digest: 200
#pkts decaps: 200, #pkts decrypt: 200, #pkts verify: 200
#pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
#pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0
#pkts not decompressed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
#send errors 0, #recv errors 0
local crypto endpt.: 198.51.100.1, remote crypto endpt.: 192.0.2.2
plaintext mtu 1438, path mtu 1500, ip mtu 1500, ip mtu idb TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1
current outbound spi: 0x42709657(1114674775)
PFS (Y/N): N, DH group: none
inbound esp sas:
spi: 0x4FE26715(1340237589)
transform: esp-aes esp-sha-hmac ,
in use settings ={Tunnel, }
conn id: 2098, flow_id: CAT9K:98, sibling_flags FFFFFFFF80000048, crypto map: Tunnel1-head-0
sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (26/1605)
IV size: 16 bytes
replay detection support: Y
Status: ACTIVE(ACTIVE)
inbound ah sas:
inbound pcp sas:
outbound esp sas:
spi: 0x42709657(1114674775)
transform: esp-aes esp-sha-hmac ,
in use settings ={Tunnel, }
conn id: 2097, flow_id: CAT9K:97, sibling_flags FFFFFFFF80000048, crypto map: Tunnel1-head-0
sa timing: remaining key lifetime (k/sec): (32/1605)
IV size: 16 bytes
replay detection support: Y
Status: ACTIVE(ACTIVE)
outbound ah sas:
outbound pcp sas:
注意输出中的flow_id，它必须与转发平面中安装的流id匹配。
PD控制平面
IOSd和PD控制平面之间的统计信息
C9300X#show platfor software ipsec policy statistics
PAL CMD REQUEST REPLY OK REPLY ERR ABORT
SADB_INIT_START 3 3 0 0
SADB_INIT_COMPLETED 3 3 0 0
SADB_DELETE 2 2 0 0
SADB_ATTR_UPDATE 4 4 0 0
SADB_INTF_ATTACH 3 3 0 0
SADB_INTF_UPDATE 0 0 0 0
SADB_INTF_DETACH 2 2 0 0
ACL_INSERT 4 4 0 0
ACL_MODIFY 0 0 0 0
ACL_DELETE 3 3 0 0
PEER_INSERT 7 7 0 0
PEER_DELETE 6 6 0 0
SPI_INSERT 39 37 2 0
SPI_DELETE 36 36 0 0
CFLOW_INSERT 5 5 0 0
CFLOW_MODIFY 33 33 0 0
CFLOW_DELETE 4 4 0 0
IPSEC_SA_DELETE 76 76 0 0
TBAR_CREATE 0 0 0 0
TBAR_UPDATE 0 0 0 0
TBAR_REMOVE 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
PAL NOTIFY RECEIVE COMPLETE PROC ERR IGNORE
NOTIFY_RP 0 0 0 0
SA_DEAD 0 0 0 0
SA_SOFT_LIFE 46 46 0 0
IDLE_TIMER 0 0 0 0
DPD_TIMER 0 0 0 0
INVALID_SPI 0 0 0 0
0 5 0 0
VTI SADB 0 33 0 0
TP SADB 0 40 0 0
IPSec PAL database summary:
DB NAME ENT ADD ENT DEL ABORT
PAL_SADB 3 2 0
PAL_SADB_ID 3 2 0
PAL_INTF 3 2 0
PAL_SA_ID 76 74 0
PAL_ACL 0 0 0
PAL_PEER 7 6 0
PAL_SPI 39 38 0
PAL_CFLOW 5 4 0
PAL_TBAR 0 0 0
SADB对象表
C9300X#show plat software ipsec switch active f0 sadb all IPsec SADB object table: SADB-ID Hint Complete #RefCnt #CfgCnt #ACL-Ref ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 vir-tun-int true 2 0 0
SADB条目
C9300X#show plat software ipsec switch active f0 sadb identifier 3
=========== SADB id: 3
hint: vir-tun-int
completed: true
reference count: 2
configure count: 0
ACL reference: 0
SeqNo (Static/Dynamic) ACL id
-----------------------------------------
IPsec流信息
C9300X#show plat software ipsec switch active f0 flow all
=========== Flow id: 97
mode: tunnel
direction: outbound
protocol: esp
SPI: 0x42709657
local IP addr: 198.51.100.1
remote IP addr: 192.0.2.2
crypto map id: 0
SPD id: 3
cpp SPD id: 0
ACE line number: 0
QFP SA handle: INVALID
crypto device id: 0
IOS XE interface id: 65
interface name: Tunnel1
use path MTU: FALSE
object state: active
object bind state: new
=========== Flow id: 98
mode: tunnel
direction: inbound
protocol: esp
SPI: 0x4fe26715
local IP addr: 198.51.100.1
remote IP addr: 192.0.2.2
crypto map id: 0
SPD id: 3
cpp SPD id: 0
ACE line number: 0
QFP SA handle: INVALID
crypto device id: 0
IOS XE interface id: 65
interface name: Tunnel1
object state: active
故障排除
IOSd
通常会收集以下debug和show命令：
show crypto eli all
show crypto socket
show crypto map
show crypto ikev2 sa detail
show crypto ipsec sa
show crypto ipsec internal
debug crypto ikev2
debug crypto ikev2 error
debug crypto ikev2 packet
debug crypto ipsec
debug crypto ipsec error
debug crypto kmi
debug crypto socket
debug tunnel protection
PD控制平面
要检验PD控制平面的操作，请使用前面显示的检验步骤。要调试与PD控制平面相关的所有问题，请启用PD控制平面调试：
1.将btrace日志记录级别设置为verbose：
C9300X#set platform software trace forwarding-manager switch active f0 ipsec verbose
C9300X#show platform software trace level forwarding-manager switch active f0 | in ipsec ipsec Verbose
2. 启用 PD控制平面条件调试：
C9300X#debug platform condition feature ipsec controlplane submode level verbose
C9300X#show platform conditions Conditional Debug Global State: Stop Feature Type Submode Level ------------|-------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|---------- IPSEC controlplane N/A verbose
3.收集 fman_fp btrace输出的调试输出：
C9300X#show logging process fman_fp module ipsec internal
Logging display requested on 2022/10/19 20:57:52 (UTC) for Hostname: [C9300X], Model: [C9300X-24Y], Version: [17.07.01], SN: [FOC251531YZ], MD_SN: [FOC2522L1W7]
Displaying logs from the last 0 days, 0 hours, 10 minutes, 0 seconds
executing cmd on chassis 1 ...
Unified Decoder Library Init .. DONE
Found 1 UTF Streams
2022/10/19 20:50:36.686071658 {fman_fp_F0-0}{1}: [ipsec] [22441]: (ERR): IPSEC-PAL-IB-Key::
2022/10/19 20:50:36.686073648 {fman_fp_F0-0}{1}: [ipsec] [22441]: (ERR): IPSEC-b0 d0 31 04 85 36 a6 08 8c 22 d2 37 b4 63 20 b9 6e 71 aa 0a 4b 26 25 56 6c 62 45 b7 31 a1 9f 3b eb 82 e8 61 ...
PD数据平面
验证数据层面IPsec隧道统计信息，包括常见IPsec丢包，例如HMAC或重播故障
C9300X#show platform software fed sw active ipsec counters if-id all ######################################## Flow Stats for if-id 0x41 ######################################## ----------------------------------- Inbound Flow Info for flow id: 98 ------------------------------ SA Index: 1 -------------------- Asic Instance 0: SA Stats Packet Format Check Error: 0 Invalid SA: 0 Auth Fail: 0 Sequence Number Overflows: 0 Anti-Replay Fail: 0 Packet Count: 200 Byte Count: 27600 ----------------------------------- Outbound Flow Info for flow id: 97 ------------------------------ SA Index: 1025 -------------------- Asic Instance 0: SA Stats Packet Format Check Error: 0 Invalid SA: 0 Auth Fail: 0 Sequence Number Overflows: 0 Anti-Replay Fail: 0 Packet Count: 200 Byte Count: 33600
注意：流ID与show crypto ipsec sa输出中的流ID匹配。也可以使用命令show platform software fed switch active ipsec counters sa <sa_id>获取单个流统计信息，其中sa_id是之前输出中的SA索引。
数据平面Packet-tracer
UADP ASIC平台上的Packet Tracer与基于QFP的系统上的Packet Tracer的行为完全不同。可以使用手动触发器或基于PCAP的触发器启用该功能。以下是使用基于PCAP (EPC)的触发器的示例。
1. 启用 EPC并开始捕获：
C9300X#monitor capture test interface twentyFiveGigE 1/0/2 in match ipv4 10.1.1.2/32 any
C9300X#show monitor capture test
Status Information for Capture test
Target Type:
Interface: TwentyFiveGigE1/0/2, Direction: IN
Status : Inactive
Filter Details:
IPv4
Source IP: 10.1.1.2/32
Destination IP: any
Protocol: any
Buffer Details:
Buffer Type: LINEAR (default)
Buffer Size (in MB): 10
File Details:
File not associated
Limit Details:
Number of Packets to capture: 0 (no limit)
Packet Capture duration: 0 (no limit)
Packet Size to capture: 0 (no limit)
Maximum number of packets to capture per second: 1000
Packet sampling rate: 0 (no sampling)
2.运行其余部分并停止捕获：
C9300X#monitor capture test start Started capture point : test *Oct 18 18:34:09.656: %BUFCAP-6-ENABLE: Capture Point test enabled. <run traffic test>
C9300X#monitor capture test stop Capture statistics collected at software: Capture duration - 23 seconds Packets received - 5 Packets dropped - 0 Packets oversized - 0 Bytes dropped in asic - 0 Capture buffer will exists till exported or cleared Stopped capture point : test
3. 将捕获导出到闪存
C9300X#show monitor capture test buff
*Oct 18 18:34:33.569: %BUFCAP-6-DISABLE
Starting the packet display ........ Press Ctrl + Shift + 6 to exit
1 0.000000 10.1.1.2 -> 10.2.1.2 ICMP 114 Echo (ping) request id=0x0003, seq=0/0, ttl=255
2 0.000607 10.1.1.2 -> 10.2.1.2 ICMP 114 Echo (ping) request id=0x0003, seq=1/256, ttl=255
3 0.001191 10.1.1.2 -> 10.2.1.2 ICMP 114 Echo (ping) request id=0x0003, seq=2/512, ttl=255
4 0.001760 10.1.1.2 -> 10.2.1.2 ICMP 114 Echo (ping) request id=0x0003, seq=3/768, ttl=255
5 0.002336 10.1.1.2 -> 10.2.1.2 ICMP 114 Echo (ping) request id=0x0003, seq=4/1024, ttl=255
C9300X#monitor capture test export location flash:test.pcap
4.运行packet-tracer：
C9300X#show platform hardware fed switch 1 forward interface TwentyFiveGigE 1/0/2 pcap flash:test.pcap number 1
Show forward is running in the background. After completion, syslog will be generated.
C9300X#
*Oct 18 18:36:56.288: %SHFWD-6-PACKET_TRACE_DONE: Switch 1 F0/0: fed: Packet Trace Complete: Execute (show platform hardware fed switch <> forward last summary|detail)
*Oct 18 18:36:56.288: %SHFWD-6-PACKET_TRACE_FLOW_ID: Switch 1 F0/0: fed: Packet Trace Flow id is 131077
C9300X#
C9300X#show plat hardware fed switch 1 forward last summary
Input Packet Details:
###[ Ethernet ]###
dst = b0:8b:d0:8d:6b:d6
src=78:ba:f9:ab:a7:03
type = 0x800
###[ IP ]###
version = 4
ihl = 5
tos = 0x0
len = 100
id = 15
flags =
frag = 0
ttl = 255
proto = icmp
chksum = 0xa583
src=10.1.1.2
dst = 10.2.1.2
options = ''
###[ ICMP ]###
type = echo-request
code = 0
chksum = 0xae17
id = 0x3
seq = 0x0
###[ Raw ]###
load = '00 00 00 00 01 1B CF 14 AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD AB CD'
Ingress:
Port : TwentyFiveGigE1/0/2
Global Port Number : 2
Local Port Number : 2
Asic Port Number : 1
Asic Instance : 1
Vlan : 4095
Mapped Vlan ID : 1
STP Instance : 1
BlockForward : 0
BlockLearn : 0
L3 Interface : 38
IPv4 Routing : enabled
IPv6 Routing : enabled
Vrf Id : 0
Adjacency:
Station Index : 179
Destination Index : 20754
Rewrite Index : 24
Replication Bit Map : 0x1 ['remoteData']
Decision:
Destination Index : 20754 [DI_RCP_PORT3]
Rewrite Index : 24
Dest Mod Index : 0 [IGR_FIXED_DMI_NULL_VALUE]
CPU Map Index : 0 [CMI_NULL]
Forwarding Mode : 3 [Other or Tunnel]
Replication Bit Map : ['remoteData']
Winner : L3FWDIPV4 LOOKUP
Qos Label : 1
SGT : 0
DGTID : 0
Egress:
Possible Replication :
Port : RCP
Asic Instance : 0
Asic Port Number : 0
Output Port Data :
Port : RCP
Asic Instance : 0
Asic Port Number : 90
Unique RI : 0
Rewrite Type : 0 [Unknown]
Mapped Rewrite Type : 229 [IPSEC_TUNNEL_MODE_ENCAP_FIRSTPASS_OUTERV4_INNERV4]
Vlan : 0
Mapped Vlan ID : 0
RCP, mappedRii.fdMuxProfileSet = 1 , get fdMuxProfile from MappedRii
Qos Label : 1
SGT : 0
********************************************************************************
Input Packet Details:
N/A: Recirculated Packet
Ingress:
Port : Recirculation Port
Asic Port Number : 90
Asic Instance : 0
Vlan : 0
Mapped Vlan ID : 2
STP Instance : 0
BlockForward : 0
BlockLearn : 0
L3 Interface : 38
IPv4 Routing : enabled
IPv6 Routing : enabled
Vrf Id : 0
Adjacency:
Station Index : 177
Destination Index : 21304
Rewrite Index : 21
Replication Bit Map : 0x1 ['remoteData']
Decision:
Destination Index : 21304
Rewrite Index : 21
Dest Mod Index : 0 [IGR_FIXED_DMI_NULL_VALUE]
CPU Map Index : 0 [CMI_NULL]
Forwarding Mode : 3 [Other or Tunnel]
Replication Bit Map : ['remoteData']
Winner : L3FWDIPV4 LOOKUP
Qos Label : 1
SGT : 0
DGTID : 0
Egress:
Possible Replication :
Port : TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1
Output Port Data :
Port : TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1
Global Port Number : 1
Local Port Number : 1
Asic Port Number : 0
Asic Instance : 1
Unique RI : 0
Rewrite Type : 0 [Unknown]
Mapped Rewrite Type : 13 [L3_UNICAST_IPV4_PARTIAL]
Vlan : 0
Mapped Vlan ID : 0
Output Packet Details:
Port : TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1
###[ Ethernet ]###
dst = 00:62:ec:da:e0:02
src=b0:8b:d0:8d:6b:e4
type = 0x800
###[ IP ]###
version = 4
ihl = 5
tos = 0x0
len = 168
id = 2114
flags = DF
frag = 0
ttl = 254
proto = ipv6_crypt
chksum = 0x45db
src=198.51.100.1
dst = 192.0.2.2
options = ''
###[ Raw ]### load = '6D 18 45 C9 00 00 00 06 09 B0 DC 13 11 FA DC F8 63 98 51 98 33 11 9C C0 D7 24 BF C2 1C 45 D3 1B 91 0B 5F B4 3A C0 AD 18 1A 9C 34 32 19 67 D9 EE 30 F4 CE 6B B9 E7 E5 41 33 E7 97 86 68 14 C0 4D 86 49 88 E7 3A 7E 3E E3 5C C7 CE C9 C4 C8 FC 41 33 43 DD 9B F8 E1 0F A6 71 C3 69 A9 51 1F 98 0D FE EF 58 18 31 0C 77 00 34 3D 81 92 A9 05 12 05 43 0E 9E 11 03 68 83 78 EC D1 C0 06 7A 34 54 8D 82 83 BA 60 58 1A FB 3A BA 1A 9F CF 44 12 CD 5D 4A D4 8E 10'
********************************************************************************
C9300X#show crypto ipsec sa | in current outbound
current outbound spi: 0x6D1845C9(1830307273) <-- Matches the load result in packet trace
注意：在先前的输出中，转发到出口的数据包是具有当前出站SA SPI的ESP数据包。对于更详细的FED转发决策分析，同一命令的detail 变体。示例：可以使用show platt hardware fed switch 1 forward last detail。
PD数据平面调试
注意：只能在TAC的帮助下启用PD数据平面调试。如果无法通过正常的CLI/调试识别问题，则工程需要这些非常低级别的跟踪。
C9300X#set platform software trace fed switch active ipsec verbose C9300X#debug platform condition feature ipsec dataplane submode all level verbose C9300X#show logging process fed module ipsec internal
IPsec PD SHIM调试
debug platform software ipsec info
debug platform software ipsec error
debug platform software ipsec verbose
debug platform software ipsec all
相关信息
修订历史记录
| 版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
2.0 |
04-Oct-2024 |
删除了提及C9500X支持IPSEC的能力。 |
1.0 |
17-Jan-2024 |
初始版本 |
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