此产品的文档集力求使用非歧视性语言。在本文档集中,非歧视性语言是指不隐含针对年龄、残障、性别、种族身份、族群身份、性取向、社会经济地位和交叉性的歧视的语言。由于产品软件的用户界面中使用的硬编码语言、基于 RFP 文档使用的语言或引用的第三方产品使用的语言,文档中可能无法确保完全使用非歧视性语言。 深入了解思科如何使用包容性语言。
思科采用人工翻译与机器翻译相结合的方式将此文档翻译成不同语言,希望全球的用户都能通过各自的语言得到支持性的内容。 请注意:即使是最好的机器翻译,其准确度也不及专业翻译人员的水平。 Cisco Systems, Inc. 对于翻译的准确性不承担任何责任,并建议您总是参考英文原始文档(已提供链接)。
本文档介绍如何在Catalyst 9000系列交换机上实施BGP EVPN VXLAN保护的重叠分段。
Cisco 建议您了解以下主题:
本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本:
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始(默认)配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态,请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。
受保护分段功能是一种安全措施,可以防止端口相互转发流量,即使它们位于同一个VLAN和同一台交换机也是如此
本文档是第2部分或第3部分相互关联的文档:
注意:在实施受保护分段配置之前,您必须实施文档1中的配置。
VRF |
虚拟路由转发 |
定义与其他VRF和全局IPv4/IPv6路由域分离的第3层路由域 |
AF |
地址系列 |
定义BGP处理的前缀类型和路由信息 |
AS |
自治系统 |
一组属于一个网络或一组网络的可路由IP前缀,全部由单个实体或组织管理、控制和监督 |
EVPN |
以太网虚拟专用网络 |
允许BGP传输第2层MAC和第3层IP信息的扩展是EVPN,并使用多协议边界网关协议(MP-BGP)作为协议来分发有关VXLAN重叠网络的可达性信息。 |
VXLAN |
虚拟可扩展LAN(局域网) |
VXLAN旨在克服VLAN和STP的固有局限性。推荐的IETF标准[RFC 7348]与VLAN提供相同的以太网第2层网络服务,但灵活性更高。从功能上讲,它是MAC-in-UDP封装协议,在第3层底层网络上作为虚拟重叠运行。 |
CGW |
集中式网关 |
以及网关SVI不在每个枝叶上的EVPN的实施。相反,所有路由都由使用非对称IRB(集成路由和桥接)的特定枝叶完成 |
DEF网关 |
默认网关 |
通过“l2vpn evpn”配置部分下的“default-gateway advertise enable”命令添加到MAC/IP前缀的BGP扩展社区属性。 |
IMET (RT3) |
包括组播以太网标记(路由) |
也称为BGP类型3路由。此路由类型在EVPN中用于在VTEP之间传输BUM(广播/未知单播/组播)流量。 |
RT2 |
路由类型2 |
BGP MAC或MAC/IP前缀,表示主机MAC或网关MAC-IP |
EVPN经理 |
EVPN管理器 |
用于各种其他组件的中央管理组件(例如:从SISF获知并向L2RIB发送信号) |
SISF |
交换机集成安全功能 |
EVPN使用的不可知主机跟踪表,用于了解枝叶上的本地主机 |
L2RIB |
第2层路由信息库 |
在用于管理BGP、EVPN管理器、L2FIB之间交互的中间组件中 |
FED |
转发引擎驱动程序 |
对ASIC(硬件)层进行编程 |
MATM |
Mac地址表管理器 |
IOS MATM:仅安装本地地址和 FED MATM:硬件表,安装从控制平面获知的本地和远程地址,是硬件转发平面的一部分 |
下图显示了第2类MAC/MAC-IP主机前缀的全网状设计。
注意:支持移动性和漫游需要全网状
此图显示广播IMET (RT3)隧道的星型设计
注意:需要使用集中星型广播来防止具有相同网段的枝叶之间直接相互发送广播。
此图说明了ARP不允许到达同一EPVN网段中的任何主机。当另一台主机的主机ARP时,只有CGW获得此ARP并回复
注意:此ARP行为更改通过使用“protected”关键字进行实例化。
示例:成员evpn实例202 vni 20201 protected
受保护的配置关键字应用于枝叶交换机。CGW是混合设备,会安装所有mac地址。
注意:在Catalyst 9000系列交换机上实施BGP EVPN路由策略中显示了控制IMET前缀导入/导出的路由策略社区列表和路由映射配置。 本文档仅显示受保护的分段差异。
Leaf-01#show run | sec l2vpn
l2vpn evpn
replication-type static
flooding-suppression address-resolution disable <-- Disables ARP caching so ARP is always sent up to the CGW
router-id Loopback1
l2vpn evpn instance 201 vlan-based encapsulation vxlan replication-type ingress <-- Sets segment to use Unicast replication of BUM traffic via RT3 type BGP routes multicast advertise enable
Leaf01#show run | sec vlan config vlan configuration 201 member evpn-instance 201 vni 20101 protected <-- protected keyword added
CGW#show running-config | beg l2vpn evpn instance 201 l2vpn evpn instance 201 vlan-based encapsulation vxlan replication-type ingress default-gateway advertise enable <-- adds the BGP attribute EVPN DEF GW:0:0 to the MAC/IP prefix multicast advertise enable
CGW#show running-config | sec vlan config vlan configuration 201
member evpn-instance 201 vni 20101
CGW#show run int nve 1 Building configuration... Current configuration : 313 bytes ! interface nve1 no ip address source-interface Loopback1 host-reachability protocol bgp
member vni 20101 ingress-replication local-routing <-- 'ingress-replication' (Unicast all BUM traffic) / 'local-routing' (Enables vxlan centralized gateway forwarding)
CGW#show run interface vlan 201 Building configuration... Current configuration : 231 bytes ! interface Vlan201 mac-address 0000.beef.cafe <-- MAC is static in this example for viewing simplicity. This is not required vrf forwarding red <-- SVI is in VRF red ip address 10.1.201.1 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ip local-proxy-arp <-- Sets CGW to Proxy reply even for local subnet ARP requests ip pim sparse-mode ip route-cache same-interface <-- This is auto added when local-proxy-arp is configured. However, this is a legacy 'fast switching' command that is not used by CEF & is not required for forwarding ip igmp version 3 no autostate
注意:在CGW上没有应用BGP策略。允许CGW接收和发送所有前缀类型(RT2、RT5/RT3)。
Leaf01#sh l2vpn evpn evi 201 detail EVPN instance: 201 (VLAN Based) RD: 172.16.254.3:201 (auto) Import-RTs: 65001:201 Export-RTs: 65001:201 Per-EVI Label: none State: Established Replication Type: Ingress Encapsulation: vxlan IP Local Learn: Enabled (global) Adv. Def. Gateway: Disabled (global) Re-originate RT5: Disabled Adv. Multicast: Enabled AR Flood Suppress: Disabled (global) Vlan: 201 Protected: True (local access p2p blocked) <-- Vlan 201 is in protected mode <...snip...>
验证从本地主机学习到RT2生成的组件依赖关系链:
提示:如果之前的组件未正确编程,则整个依赖关系链会中断(例如:SISF没有en条目,则BGP无法创建RT2)。
SISF
验证SISF是否已在数据库中获知主机(从DHCP或ARP获知主机信息)
注意:在此场景中,主机有一个静态IP,因此SISF使用ARP来收集主机详细信息。在大部分隔离部分中显示DHCP和DHCP监听。
Leaf01#show device-tracking database vlanid 201 vlanDB has 1 entries for vlan 201, 1 dynamic Codes: L - Local, S - Static, ND - Neighbor Discovery, ARP - Address Resolution Protocol, DH4 - IPv4 DHCP, DH6 - IPv6 DHCP, PKT - Other Packet, API - API created Preflevel flags (prlvl): 0001:MAC and LLA match 0002:Orig trunk 0004:Orig access 0008:Orig trusted trunk 0010:Orig trusted access 0020:DHCP assigned 0040:Cga authenticated 0080:Cert authenticated 0100:Statically assigned Network Layer Address Link Layer Address Interface vlan prlvl age state Time left ARP 10.1.201.10 0006.f601.cd43 Gi1/0/1 201 0005 3mn REACHABLE 86 s <-- Gleaned from local host ARP Request
EVPN管理器
EVPN Mgr学习本地MAC并将其安装到L2RIB中。EVPN Mgr也从L2RIB获取远程MAC,但条目仅用于处理MAC移动性
确认EVPN管理器已使用SISF条目更新
Leaf01#show l2vpn evpn mac evi 201 MAC Address EVI VLAN ESI Ether Tag Next Hop(s) -------------- ----- ----- ------------------------ ---------- --------------- 0006.f601.cd43 201 201 0000.0000.0000.0000.0000 0 Gi1/0/1:201 <-- MAC in VLan 201 local interface Gi1/0/1:service instance 201 <...snip...>
L2RIB
验证L2RIB是否已使用EVPN管理器中的本地MAC更新
Leaf01#show l2route evpn mac topology 201 <-- View the overall topology for this segment EVI ETag Prod Mac Address Next Hop(s) Seq Number ----- ---------- ----- -------------- ---------------------------------------------------- ---------- 201 0 BGP 0000.beef.cafe V:20101 172.16.254.6 0 <-- produced by BGP who updated L2RIB (remote learn) 201 0 L2VPN 0006.f601.cd43 Gi1/0/1:201 0 <-- produced by EVPN Mgr who updated L2RIB (local learn) Leaf01#show l2route evpn mac mac-address 0006.f601.cd43 detail EVPN Instance: 201 Ethernet Tag: 0 Producer Name: L2VPN <-- Produced by local MAC Address: 0006.f601.cd43 <-- Host MAC Address Num of MAC IP Route(s): 1 Sequence Number: 0 ESI: 0000.0000.0000.0000.0000 Flags: B() Next Hop(s): Gi1/0/1:201 (E-LEAF) <-- Port:Instance and info about the Role (Leaf)
调试输出中显示“BGP
验证BGP是否由L2RIB更新
Leaf01#show bgp l2vpn evpn route-type 2 0 0006.f601.cd43 * BGP routing table entry for [2][172.16.254.3:201][0][48][0006F601CD43][0][*]/20, version 268232 Paths: (1 available, best #1, table evi_201) <-- In the totally isolated evi context Advertised to update-groups: 2 Refresh Epoch 1 Local 0.0.0.0 (via default) from 0.0.0.0 (172.16.255.3) <-- from 0.0.0.0 indicates local Origin incomplete, localpref 100, weight 32768, valid, sourced, local, best <-- also indicates local EVPN ESI: 00000000000000000000, Label1 20101 Extended Community: RT:65001:201 ENCAP:8 EVPN E-Tree:flag:1,label:0 <-- EVPN e-Tree attribute with Leaf flag = 1 (added to indicate this is a host address) Local irb vxlan vtep: vrf:not found, l3-vni:0 local router mac:0000.0000.0000 core-irb interface:(not found) vtep-ip:172.16.254.3 <-- Local VTEP Loopback rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Sep 14 2023 20:16:17 UTC
调试输出中显示“BGP
验证BGP已获取CGW RT2前缀
Leaf01#show bgp l2vpn evpn route-type 2 0 0000.beef.cafe 10.1.201.1 BGP routing table entry for [2][172.16.254.3:201][0][48][0000BEEFCAFE][32][10.1.201.1]/24, version 114114 Paths: (1 available, best #1, table evi_201) <-- EVI context is 201 Flag: 0x100 Not advertised to any peer Refresh Epoch 2 Local, imported path from [2][172.16.254.6:201][0][48][0000BEEFCAFE][32][10.1.201.1]/24 (global) 172.16.254.6 (metric 3) (via default) from 172.16.255.1 (172.16.255.1) Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best EVPN ESI: 00000000000000000000, Label1 20101 <-- Correct segment identifier Extended Community: RT:65001:201 ENCAP:8 EVPN DEF GW:0:0 <-- Default gateway attribute is added via the 'default gateway advertise CLI' Originator: 172.16.255.6, Cluster list: 172.16.255.1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Sep 1 2023 15:27:45 UTC
L2RIB
验证BGP更新的L2RIB
Leaf01#show l2route evpn default-gateway host-ip 10.1.201.1 EVI ETag Prod Mac Address Host IP Next Hop(s) ----- ---------- ----- -------------- --------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- 201 0 BGP 0000.beef.cafe 10.1.201.1 V:20101 172.16.254.6 <-- L2RIB has the MAC-IP of the Gateway programmed
L2FIB
在L2FIB中验证
Leaf01#show l2fib bridge-domain 201 address unicast 0000.beef.cafe MAC Address : 0000.beef.cafe <-- CGW MAC Reference Count : 1 Epoch : 0 Producer : BGP <-- Learned from BGP Flags : Static Adjacency : VXLAN_UC PL:2973(1) T:VXLAN_UC [MAC]20101:172.16.254.6 <-- CGW Loopback IP PD Adjacency : VXLAN_UC PL:2973(1) T:VXLAN_UC [MAC]20101:172.16.254.6 Packets : 6979 Bytes : 0
FED
在FED MATM中验证
Leaf01#show platform software fed switch active matm macTable vlan 201
VLAN MAC Type Seq# EC_Bi Flags machandle siHandle riHandle diHandle *a_time *e_time ports Con ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 201 0000.beef.cafe 0x5000001 0 0 64 0x7a199d182498 0x7a199d183578 0x71e059173e08 0x0 0 82 VTEP 172.16.254.6 adj_id 9 No
<-- Only remote MAC installed in Fed is the Default Gateway (0x5000001 type) Conn = No (meaning not directly connected) 201 0006.f601.cd01 0x1 2458 0 0 0x7a199d1a2248 0x7a199d19eef8 0x0 0x7a199c6f7cd8 300 2 GigabitEthernet1/0/1 Yes 201 0006.f601.cd43 0x1 8131 0 0 0x7a199d195a98 0x7a199d19eef8 0x0 0x7a199c6f7cd8 300 84 GigabitEthernet1/0/1
<-- Two local MAC addresses (0x1 type) Conn = Yes (directly connected)
Total Mac number of addresses:: 5 Summary: Total number of secure addresses:: 0 Total number of drop addresses:: 0 Total number of lisp local addresses:: 0 Total number of lisp remote addresses:: 3 *a_time=aging_time(secs) *e_time=total_elapsed_time(secs) Type: MAT_DYNAMIC_ADDR 0x1 MAT_STATIC_ADDR 0x2 MAT_CPU_ADDR 0x4 MAT_DISCARD_ADDR 0x8 MAT_ALL_VLANS 0x10 MAT_NO_FORWARD 0x20 MAT_IPMULT_ADDR 0x40 MAT_RESYNC 0x80 MAT_DO_NOT_AGE 0x100 MAT_SECURE_ADDR 0x200 MAT_NO_PORT 0x400 MAT_DROP_ADDR 0x800 MAT_DUP_ADDR 0x1000 MAT_NULL_DESTINATION 0x2000 MAT_DOT1X_ADDR 0x4000 MAT_ROUTER_ADDR 0x8000 MAT_WIRELESS_ADDR 0x10000 MAT_SECURE_CFG_ADDR 0x20000 MAT_OPQ_DATA_PRESENT 0x40000 MAT_WIRED_TUNNEL_ADDR 0x80000 MAT_DLR_ADDR 0x100000 MAT_MRP_ADDR 0x200000 MAT_MSRP_ADDR 0x400000 MAT_LISP_LOCAL_ADDR 0x800000 MAT_LISP_REMOTE_ADDR 0x1000000 MAT_VPLS_ADDR 0x2000000 MAT_LISP_GW_ADDR 0x4000000
<-- the addition of these values = 0x5000001
MAT_LISP_REMOTE_ADDR 0x1000000
MAT_LISP_GW_ADDR 0x4000000
MAT_DYNAMIC_ADDR 0x1
数据平面邻接
确认FED条目后的最后一步是解析重写索引(RI)
Leaf01#sh platform hardware fed switch active fwd-asic abstraction print-resource-handle 0x71e059173e08 0
<-- 0x71e059173e08 is taken from previous FED command riHandle for the CGW MAC Handle:0x71e059173e08 Res-Type:ASIC_RSC_RI Res-Switch-Num:255 Asic-Num:255 Feature-ID:AL_FID_L2_WIRELESS Lkp-ftr-id:LKP_FEAT_INVALID ref_count:1 priv_ri/priv_si Handle: 0x71e05917b8d8Hardware Indices/Handles: index0:0x38 mtu_index/l3u_ri_index0:0x0 index1:0x38 mtu_index/l3u_ri_index1:0x0 Features sharing this resource:58 (1)] Brief Resource Information (ASIC_INSTANCE# 0) ---------------------------------------- ASIC#:0 RI:56 Rewrite_type:AL_RRM_REWRITE_LVX_IPV4_L2_PAYLOAD_ENCAP_EPG(116) Mapped_rii:LVX_L3_ENCAP_L2_PAYLOAD_EPG(137) Src IP: 172.16.254.3 <-- source tunnel IP Dst IP: 172.16.254.6 <-- dest tunnel IP iVxlan dstMac: 0x9db:0x00:0x00 iVxlan srcMac: 0x00:0x00:0x00 IPv4 TTL: 0 iid present: 0 lisp iid: 20101 <-- Segment 20101 lisp flags: 0 dst Port: 4789 <-- VxLAN update only l3if: 0 is Sgt: 0 is TTL Prop: 0 L3if LE: 53 (0) Port LE: 281 (0) Vlan LE: 8 (0)
注意:您也可以使用“show platform software fed switch active matm macTable vlan 201 detail”,它将此命令与FED命令链接到一个结果中
注意:本部分仅介绍与完全隔离网段的区别。
Leaf-01#show run | sec l2vpn
l2vpn evpn
replication-type static
flooding-suppression address-resolution disable <-- Disables ARP caching so ARP is always sent up to the CGW
router-id Loopback1 l2vpn evpn instance 202 vlan-based encapsulation vxlan replication-type ingress multicast advertise enable
Leaf01#show run | sec vlan config vlan configuration 202 member evpn-instance 202 vni 20201 protected <-- protected keyword added
在nve下设置复制模式
CGW#show run int nve 1 Building configuration... Current configuration : 313 bytes ! interface nve1 no ip address source-interface Loopback1 host-reachability protocol bgp member vni 20201 ingress-replication local-routing <-- 'ingress-replication' (Unicast all BUM traffic) / 'local-routing' (Enables vxlan centralized gateway forwarding) end
配置外部网关SVI
CGW#show run interface vlan 2021 Building configuration... Current configuration : 231 bytes ! interface Vlan2021 mac-address 0000.beef.cafe <-- MAC is static in this example for viewing simplicity. This is not required vrf forwarding pink <-- SVI is in VRF pink ip address 10.1.202.1 255.255.255.0 no ip redirects ip local-proxy-arp <-- Sets CGW to Proxy reply even for local subnet ARP requests ip pim sparse-mode ip route-cache same-interface <-- This is auto added when local-proxy-arp is configured. However, this is a legacy 'fast switching' command that is not used by CEF & is not required for forwarding ip igmp version 3 no autostate end
创建禁用收集功能的策略
device-tracking policy dt-no-glean <-- Configure device tracking policy to prevent MAC-IP flapping security-level glean no protocol ndp no protocol dhcp6 no protocol arp no protocol dhcp4
连接到externalgatewayevi/vlan
CGW#show running-config | sec vlan config vlan configuration 202 member evpn-instance 202 vni 20201
device-tracking attach-policy dt-no-glean <-- apply the new device tracking policy to the vlan configuration
为externalgateway mac-ip添加静态条目到设备跟踪表中
device-tracking binding vlan 202 10.1.202.1 interface TwentyFiveGigE1/0/1 0000.beef.cafe
<-- All static entries in device tracking table should be for external gateway mac-ip’s.
If there is any other static entry in device tracking table, match ip/ipv6 configurations in route map with prefix lists (permit/deny) are required to attach default gateway extended community to external gateway mac-ip routes only.
创建BGP路由映射以匹配RT2 MAC-IP前缀并设置默认网关extendedcommunity
route-map CGW_DEF_GW permit 10
match evpn route-type 2-mac-ip <-- match RT2 type MAC-IP
set extcommunity default-gw <-- Set Default-gateway (DEF GW 0:0) extended community
route-map CGW_DEF_GW permit 20
将路由映射应用到BGP路由反射器邻居
CGW#sh run | s r bgp
address-family l2vpn evpn
neighbor 172.16.255.1 activate
neighbor 172.16.255.1 send-community both
neighbor 172.16.255.1 route-map CGW_DEF_GW out <-- Sets the DEF GW Community when it advertises MAC-IP type RT2 to the RR
neighbor 172.16.255.2 activate
neighbor 172.16.255.2 send-community both
neighbor 172.16.255.2 route-map CGW_DEF_GW out <-- Sets the DEF GW Community when it advertises MAC-IP type RT2 to the RR
Leaf01#show l2vpn evpn evi 202 detail EVPN instance: 202 (VLAN Based) RD: 172.16.254.3:202 (auto) Import-RTs: 65001:202 Export-RTs: 65001:202 Per-EVI Label: none State: Established Replication Type: Ingress Encapsulation: vxlan IP Local Learn: Enabled (global) Adv. Def. Gateway: Enabled (global) Re-originate RT5: Disabled Adv. Multicast: Enabled Vlan: 202 Protected: True (local access p2p blocked) <-- Vlan 202 is in protected mode <...snip...>
在前面的完全隔离的示例中介绍
涵盖与完全隔离的区别
检查前缀是否具有适当的属性,以便有资格安装到硬件中
注意:这对DHCP L2中继正常运行至关重要
Leaf01#show bgp l2vpn evpn route-type 2 0 0000.beef.cafe 10.1.202.1 BGP routing table entry for [2][172.16.254.3:202][0][48][0000BEEFCAFE][32][10.1.202.1]/24, version 184602 Paths: (1 available, best #1, table evi_202) <-- the EVI context of 202 which matches the Vlan/EVI we are concerned about Not advertised to any peer Refresh Epoch 2 Local, imported path from [2][172.16.254.6:202][0][48][0000BEEFCAFE][32][10.1.202.1]/24 (global) 172.16.254.6 (metric 3) (via default) from 172.16.255.1 (172.16.255.1) Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best EVPN ESI: 00000000000000000000, Label1 20201 <-- Correct Segment ID Extended Community: RT:65001:202 ENCAP:8 EVPN DEF GW:0:0 <-- prefix has the Default GW attribute added Originator: 172.16.255.6, Cluster list: 172.16.255.1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Sep 7 2023 19:56:43 UTC
F241.03.23-9300-Leaf01#show platform software fed active matm macTable vlan 202 mac 0000.beef.cafe VLAN MAC Type Seq# EC_Bi Flags machandle siHandle riHandle diHandle *a_time *e_time ports Con ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 202 0000.beef.cafe 0x5000001 0 0 64 0x71e058da7858 0x71e05916c0d8 0x71e059171678 0x0 0 5 VTEP 172.16.254.6 adj_id 651 No
<-- MAC of Default GW is installed in FED
CGW#sh device-tracking database vlanid 202 vlanDB has 1 entries for vlan 202, 0 dynamic Codes: L - Local, S - Static, ND - Neighbor Discovery, ARP - Address Resolution Protocol, DH4 - IPv4 DHCP, DH6 - IPv6 DHCP, PKT - Other Packet, API - API created Preflevel flags (prlvl): 0001:MAC and LLA match 0002:Orig trunk 0004:Orig access 0008:Orig trusted trunk 0010:Orig trusted access 0020:DHCP assigned 0040:Cga authenticated 0080:Cert authenticated 0100:Statically assigned Network Layer Address Link Layer Address Interface vlan prlvl age state Time left S 10.1.202.1 0000.beef.cafe Twe1/0/1 202 0100 13006mn STALE N/A
CGW#show mac address-table address 0000.beef.cafe Mac Address Table ------------------------------------------- Vlan Mac Address Type Ports ---- ----------- -------- ----- 201 0000.beef.cafe STATIC Vl201 2021 0000.beef.cafe STATIC Vl2021 <-- The Vlan 2021 SVI MAC advertised out Tw1/0/1 202 0000.beef.cafe DYNAMIC Twe1/0/1 <-- The Vlan 2021 SVI MAC learned dynamically after passing through the Firewall and the Dot1q tag swapped to fabric Vlan 202
隔离ARP问题的常规步骤
注意:启用调试时请小心!
确保您已禁用泛洪抑制
Leaf-01#show run | sec l2vpn
l2vpn evpn
replication-type static
flooding-suppression address-resolution disable <-- This CLI prevents a VTEP from trying to unicast other VTEPs based on its EVPN table
当枝叶02上的主机解析枝叶01上的主机的ARP时,不会将ARP请求直接广播到枝叶01
此图有助于直观显示本部分所描述的ARP解析过程。
ARP请求显示为紫色
ARP应答显示为绿色
注意:红色X表示此通信不涉及向枝叶01发送流量。
观察每台相应主机上的ARP条目
Leaf02-HOST#sh ip arp 10.1.202.10 Protocol Address Age (min) Hardware Addr Type Interface Internet 10.1.202.10 1 0000.beef.cafe ARPA Vlan202 <-- MAC address for Leaf01 host is CGW MAC Leaf01-HOST#sh ip arp 10.1.202.11 Protocol Address Age (min) Hardware Addr Type Interface Internet 10.1.202.11 7 0000.beef.cafe ARPA Vlan202 <-- MAC address for Leaf02 host is CGW MAC
观察在CGW上如何获知RT2前缀。CGW路由数据包时需要此步骤
CGW#sh bgp l2vpn evpn route-type 2 0 0006.f617.eec4 * <-- Leaf02 actual MAC BGP routing table entry for [2][172.16.254.6:202][0][48][0006F617EEC4][0][*]/20, version 235458 Paths: (1 available, best #1, table evi_202) Not advertised to any peer Refresh Epoch 2 Local, imported path from [2][172.16.254.4:202][0][48][0006F617EEC4][0][*]/20 (global) 172.16.254.4 (metric 3) (via default) from 172.16.255.1 (172.16.255.1) Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best EVPN ESI: 00000000000000000000, Label1 20201 <-- correct segment identifier Extended Community: RT:65001:202 ENCAP:8 EVPN E-Tree:flag:1,label:0 <-- prefix contains the Leaf flag indicating this is a normal host Originator: 172.16.255.4, Cluster list: 172.16.255.1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Apr 9 2025 17:11:22 UTC CGW#sh bgp l2vpn evpn route-type 2 0 0006.f601.cd44 * <-- Leaf01 actual MAC BGP routing table entry for [2][172.16.254.6:202][0][48][0006F601CD44][0][*]/20, version 235521 Paths: (1 available, best #1, table evi_202) Not advertised to any peer Refresh Epoch 2 Local, imported path from [2][172.16.254.3:202][0][48][0006F601CD44][0][*]/20 (global) 172.16.254.3 (metric 3) (via default) from 172.16.255.1 (172.16.255.1) Origin incomplete, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best EVPN ESI: 00000000000000000000, Label1 20201 <-- correct segment identifier Extended Community: RT:65001:202 ENCAP:8 EVPN E-Tree:flag:1,label:0 <-- prefix contains the Leaf flag indicating this is a normal host Originator: 172.16.255.3, Cluster list: 172.16.255.1 rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0 Updated on Apr 9 2025 17:17:06 UTC
捕获上行链路上的ARP交换以确认双向通信
配置EPC
Leaf01#monitor capture 1 interface range te 1/1/2 , te 1/1/4 both match any buffer size 100 <-- both Uplinks toward fabric included
开始捕获
Leaf01#monitor capture 1 start
启动ping以触发ARP请求(在本例中,ping是从Leaf01主机10.1.201.10到Leaf02主机10.1.201.11)
Leaf01-HOST#ping vrf red 10.1.201.11
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.201.11, timeout is 2 seconds:
...!!
Success rate is 40 percent (2/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
停止捕获并检查ARP帧
Leaf01#mon cap 1 stop
F241.03.23-9300-Leaf01#show mon cap 1 buff br | i ARP
11 8.153510 00:06:f6:01:cd:42 -> ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff ARP 110 Who has 10.1.201.11? Tell 10.1.201.10 <-- .10 requests .11 MAC (this is Frame 11)
12 8.154030 00:00:be:ef:ca:fe -> 00:06:f6:01:cd:42 ARP 110 10.1.201.11 is at 00:00:be:ef:ca:fe <-- CGW replies with its MAC
查看捕获数据包的详细信息。如果要查看有关数据包的详细信息,请使用EPC的detail选项
Leaf01#show mon cap 1 buffer detailed | beg Frame 11 <-- begin detail result from Frame 11 (ARP Request) Frame 11: 110 bytes on wire (880 bits), 110 bytes captured (880 bits) on interface /tmp/epc_ws/wif_to_ts_pipe, id 0 Ethernet II, Src: 00:00:00:00:00:00 (00:00:00:00:00:00), Dst: 00:00:00:00:00:00 (00:00:00:00:00:00) <-- Expected to see all zeros for outbound VxLAN encapped packet Destination: 00:00:00:00:00:00 (00:00:00:00:00:00) Address: 00:00:00:00:00:00 (00:00:00:00:00:00) .... ..0. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default) .... ...0 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Individual address (unicast) Source: 00:00:00:00:00:00 (00:00:00:00:00:00) Address: 00:00:00:00:00:00 (00:00:00:00:00:00) .... ..0. .... .... .... .... = LG bit: Globally unique address (factory default) .... ...0 .... .... .... .... = IG bit: Individual address (unicast) Type: IPv4 (0x0800) Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 172.16.254.3, Dst: 172.16.254.6 <--- Outer tunnel IP header Source: 172.16.254.3 Destination: 172.16.254.6 User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 65483, Dst Port: 4789 <-- VXLAN Dest port Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI): 20101 <-- Verify the VNI for the segment you are investigating Reserved: 0 Ethernet II, Src: 00:06:f6:01:cd:42 (00:06:f6:01:cd:42), Dst: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff (ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff) <-- Start of inner payload info Type: ARP (0x0806) Trailer: 000000000000000000000000000000000000 Address Resolution Protocol (request) <-- is an ARP request Hardware type: Ethernet (1) Protocol type: IPv4 (0x0800) Hardware size: 6 Protocol size: 4 Opcode: request (1) Sender MAC address: 00:06:f6:01:cd:42 (00:06:f6:01:cd:42) <-- Sending host Sender IP address: 10.1.201.10 Target MAC address: 00:00:00:00:00:00 (00:00:00:00:00:00) <-- Trying to resolve MAC for host Target IP address: 10.1.201.11 Frame 12: 110 bytes on wire (880 bits), 110 bytes captured (880 bits) on interface /tmp/epc_ws/wif_to_ts_pipe, id 0 <-- ARP reply Ethernet II, Src: dc:77:4c:8a:6d:7f (dc:77:4c:8a:6d:7f), Dst: 68:2c:7b:f8:87:48 (68:2c:7b:f8:87:48) <-- Underlay MACs Internet Protocol Version 4, Src: 172.16.254.6, Dst: 172.16.254.3 <-- From CGW loopback to Leaf01 loopback User Datagram Protocol, Src Port: 65410, Dst Port: 4789 Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network VXLAN Network Identifier (VNI): 20101 Reserved: 0 Ethernet II, Src: 00:00:be:ef:ca:fe (00:00:be:ef:ca:fe), Dst: 00:06:f6:01:cd:42 (00:06:f6:01:cd:42) <-- Start of payload Type: ARP (0x0806) Trailer: 000000000000000000000000000000000000 Address Resolution Protocol (reply) <-- is an ARP reply Hardware type: Ethernet (1) Protocol type: IPv4 (0x0800) Hardware size: 6 Protocol size: 4 Opcode: reply (2) Sender MAC address: 00:00:be:ef:ca:fe (00:00:be:ef:ca:fe) <-- Reply is that of the CGW MAC due to local proxy on SVI Sender IP address: 10.1.201.11 Target MAC address: 00:06:f6:01:cd:42 (00:06:f6:01:cd:42) Target IP address: 10.1.201.10
缺少网关前缀
如前面有关部分隔离网段部分所述,需要在交换矩阵VLAN中学习MAC
CGW#show bgp l2vpn evpn route-type 2 0 0000.beef.cafe 10.1.202.1 % Network not in table <-- RT2 not generated on CGW CGW#show mac address-table address 0000.beef.cafe Mac Address Table ------------------------------------------- Vlan Mac Address Type Ports ---- ----------- -------- ----- 201 0000.beef.cafe STATIC Vl201 2021 0000.beef.cafe STATIC Vl2021
<-- MAC is not learned in Fabric Vlan 202 Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 2
网关前缀缺失补救
在大多数生产网络中,可能始终有一些流量。但是,如果您遇到此问题,可以使用以下选项之一来修复此问题:
缺少DEF GW属性
对于部分隔离网段,有许多其他配置可添加此属性。
缺少DEF GW属性补救
确认以下详细信息:
频繁漫游可能导致BGP更新过于频繁,并且应在交换机声明它拥有MAC并发送RT2更新之前增加每个时间间隔的漫游量
Leaf01#sh run | sec l2vpn l2vpn evpn replication-type static flooding-suppression address-resolution disable ip duplication limit 10 time 180 <--- You can adjust this default in the global l2vpn section mac duplication limit 10 time 180 Leaf01#sh l2vpn evpn summary L2VPN EVPN EVPN Instances (excluding point-to-point): 4 VLAN Based: 4 Vlans: 4 BGP: ASN 65001, address-family l2vpn evpn configured Router ID: 172.16.254.3 Global Replication Type: Static ARP/ND Flooding Suppression: Disabled Connectivity to Core: UP MAC Duplication: seconds 180 limit 10 MAC Addresses: 13 Local: 6 Remote: 7 Duplicate: 0 IP Duplication: seconds 180 limit 10 IP Addresses: 7 Local: 4 Remote: 3 Duplicate: 0 <...snip...>
如果此指南未能解决您的问题,请收集显示的命令列表,并将它们附加到您的TAC服务请求。
要收集的最低信息
(在重新加载/恢复操作之前收集数据的时间有限)
要收集的详细信息
(如果有时间收集更完整的数据,则首选)
show tech
show tech evpn
show tech platform evpn_vxlan switch <number>
show tech platform
show tech resource
show tech sisf
show tech isis
show tech bgp
show monitor event-trace evpn event all
show monitor event-trace evpn error all
request platform software trace archive
版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
2.0 |
15-May-2024 |
在Catalyst 9000系列交换机上实施BGP EVPN DHCP第2层中继文档中添加了链接 |
1.0 |
20-Sep-2023 |
初始版本 |