以 OSPF 配置 IPSec 上的 GRE 通道

简介

普通的 IP 安全 (IPSec) 配置不能传输路由协议，例如增强型内部网关路由协议 (EIGRP) 和开放式最短路径优先 (OSPF)，也不能传输非 IP 数据流，例如网间数据包交换 (IPX) 和 AppleTalk。本文档说明如何使用 IPSec 在使用路由协议和非 IP 数据流的不同网络之间进行路由。为了实现不同网络之间的路由，此示例使用了通用路由封装 (GRE)。

请参阅PIX/ASA 7.x及更高版本：VPN/IPsec with OSPF配置示例，了解有关如何在Cisco PIX安全设备软件版本7.x或Cisco自适应安全设备(ASA)上配置具有无GRE隧道的开放最短路径优先(OSPF)的VPN/IPsec的详细信息。

有关如何在三个路由器之间配置一个星型结构 IPSec 设计的信息，请参阅配置 IPSec 路由器到路由器星型结构的分支之间的通信。

有关如何用在使用网络地址转换 (NAT) 的 GRE 隧道上配置基本 Cisco IOS® 防火墙配置的信息，请参阅在使用 IOS 防火墙和 NAT 的 GRE 隧道上配置路由器到路由器 IPSec（预共享密钥）。

先决条件

要求

尝试进行此配置之前，请确保满足以下要求：

• 在您应用加密映射之前，请确保隧道处于正常状态。

• 有关可能出现的最大传输单元 (MTU) 问题，请参阅在 Windows 和 Sun 系统上调整 IP MTU、TCP MSS 和 PMTUD。

使用的组件

本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本：

• 运行 Cisco IOS 软件版本 12.4(8) 的 Cisco 3600

• 运行 Cisco IOS 软件版本 12.4(8) 的 Cisco 2600

• PIX防火墙(Lion)软件版本6.3(5)

• PIX防火墙(Tiger)软件版本6.3(5)

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您使用的是真实网络，请确保您已经了解所有命令的潜在影响。

规则

有关文档规则的详细信息，请参阅 Cisco 技术提示规则。

配置

本部分提供用于配置本文档所述功能的信息。

注意：使用命令查找工具(仅限注册客户)可查找有关本文档中使用的命令的详细信息。

网络图

本文档使用以下网络设置：

注意：此配置中使用的IP编址方案在Internet上不可合法路由。这些是已在实验室环境中使用的 RFC 1918 地址。

注意：加密不支持Cisco 7600系列路由器。您可能必须安装VPN模块才能使此模块正常工作。

配置

本文档使用以下配置：

• PIX Lion

• PIX Tiger

• 路由器 Rodney

• 路由器 House

PIX Version 6.3(5)
interface ethernet0 auto
interface ethernet1 auto
interface ethernet2 auto shutdown
interface ethernet3 auto shutdown
interface ethernet4 auto shutdown
interface ethernet5 auto shutdown
nameif ethernet0 outside security0
nameif ethernet1 inside security100
nameif ethernet2 intf2 security4
nameif ethernet3 intf3 security6
nameif ethernet4 intf4 security8
nameif ethernet5 intf5 security10
enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted
passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted
hostname Lion
fixup protocol dns maximum-length 512
fixup protocol ftp 21
fixup protocol h323 h225 1720
fixup protocol h323 ras 1718-1719
fixup protocol http 80
fixup protocol rsh 514
fixup protocol rtsp 554
fixup protocol sip 5060
fixup protocol sip udp 5060
fixup protocol skinny 2000
fixup protocol smtp 25
fixup protocol sqlnet 1521
fixup protocol tftp 69
names

!--- Defines interesting traffic that is protected by the IPsec tunnel.

access-list 101 permit gre 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0


!--- Do not perform NAT for traffic to other PIX Firewall.

access-list nonat permit ip 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0
pager lines 24
mtu outside 1500
mtu inside 1500
mtu intf2 1500
mtu intf3 1500
mtu intf4 1500
mtu intf5 1500
ip address outside 10.64.10.16 255.255.255.224
ip address inside 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0

!--- Output suppressed.

global (outside) 1 interface

!--- Do not Network Address Translate (NAT) traffic.

nat (inside) 0 access-list nonat
nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 
route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.64.10.1 1
timeout xlate 3:00:00
timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 rpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 s0
timeout h323 0:05:00 mgcp 0:05:00 sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00
timeout sip-disconnect 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00
timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute
aaa-server TACACS+ protocol tacacs+
aaa-server TACACS+ max-failed-attempts 3
aaa-server TACACS+ deadtime 10
aaa-server RADIUS protocol radius
aaa-server RADIUS max-failed-attempts 3
aaa-server RADIUS deadtime 10
aaa-server LOCAL protocol local
no snmp-server location
no snmp-server contact
snmp-server community public
no snmp-server enable traps
floodguard enable

!--- Trust IPSec traffic and avoid going through !--- access control lists (ACLs)/NAT.

sysopt connection permit-ipsec


!--- IPsec configuration.

crypto ipsec transform-set pixset esp-des esp-md5-hmac 
crypto map pixmap 20 ipsec-isakmp
crypto map pixmap 20 match address 101
crypto map pixmap 20 set peer 10.65.10.15 
crypto map pixmap 20 set transform-set pixset
crypto map pixmap interface outside
isakmp enable outside

!--- IKE parameters.

isakmp key ******** address 10.65.10.15 netmask 255.255.255.255 
isakmp identity address
isakmp policy 20 authentication pre-share
isakmp policy 20 encryption des
isakmp policy 20 hash md5
isakmp policy 20 group 1
isakmp policy 20 lifetime 3600
telnet timeout 5
ssh 10.104.205.124 255.255.255.255 outside
ssh timeout 5
terminal width 80
Cryptochecksum:d39b3d449563c7cd434b43f82f0f0a21
: end

PIX Version 6.3(5)
interface ethernet0 auto
interface ethernet1 auto
interface ethernet2 auto shutdown
interface ethernet3 auto shutdown
interface ethernet4 auto shutdown
interface ethernet5 auto shutdown
nameif ethernet0 outside security0
nameif ethernet1 inside security100
nameif ethernet2 intf2 security4
nameif ethernet3 intf3 security6
nameif ethernet4 intf4 security8
nameif ethernet5 intf5 security10
enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted
passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted
hostname Tiger
fixup protocol dns maximum-length 512
fixup protocol ftp 21
fixup protocol h323 h225 1720
fixup protocol h323 ras 1718-1719
fixup protocol http 80
fixup protocol rsh 514
fixup protocol rtsp 554
fixup protocol sip 5060
fixup protocol sip udp 5060
fixup protocol skinny 2000
fixup protocol smtp 25
fixup protocol sqlnet 1521
fixup protocol tftp 69
names
access-list 101 permit gre 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 

access-list nonat permit ip 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 
mtu outside 1500
mtu inside 1500
mtu intf2 1500
mtu intf3 1500
mtu intf4 1500
mtu intf5 1500
ip address outside 10.65.10.15 255.255.255.224
ip address inside 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0

!--- Output suppressed.

global (outside) 1 interface

!--- Do not NAT traffic.

nat (inside) 0 access-list nonat
nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0
route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.64.10.1 1
timeout xlate 3:00:00
timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 rpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 s0
timeout h323 0:05:00 mgcp 0:05:00 sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00
timeout sip-disconnect 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00
timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute
aaa-server TACACS+ protocol tacacs+
aaa-server TACACS+ max-failed-attempts 3
aaa-server TACACS+ deadtime 10
aaa-server RADIUS protocol radius
aaa-server RADIUS max-failed-attempts 3
aaa-server RADIUS deadtime 10
aaa-server LOCAL protocol local 
no snmp-server location
no snmp-server contact
snmp-server community public
no snmp-server enable traps
floodguard enable
sysopt connection permit-ipsec

!--- IPsec parameters.

crypto ipsec transform-set pixset esp-des esp-md5-hmac 
crypto map pixmap 20 ipsec-isakmp
crypto map pixmap 20 match address 101
crypto map pixmap 20 set peer 10.64.10.16
crypto map pixmap 20 set transform-set pixset
crypto map pixmap interface outside

!--- IKE parameters.

isakmp enable outside
isakmp key ******** address 10.64.10.16 netmask 255.255.255.255 
isakmp identity address
isakmp policy 20 authentication pre-share
isakmp policy 20 encryption des
isakmp policy 20 hash md5
isakmp policy 20 group 1
isakmp policy 20 lifetime 3600
telnet timeout 5
ssh timeout 5
terminal width 80
Cryptochecksum:a0a7ac847b05d9d080d1c442ef053a0b
: end

version 12.4
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname rodney
!
memory-size iomem 15
ip subnet-zero
!
ip audit notify log
ip audit po max-events 100
!
!
interface Loopback1
ip address 10.22.22.22 255.255.255.0
!
interface Tunnel0
ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0

!--- Tunnel source.

tunnel source Ethernet0/1

!--- Tunnel destination.

tunnel destination 192.168.3.2
!
interface Ethernet0/0
no ip address
!
interface Serial0/0
no ip address
shutdown
!
interface Ethernet0/1
ip address 192.168.4.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface Serial0/1
no ip address
shutdown
!
router ospf 22
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.22.22.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.4.1

!--- The 10.11.11.0 traffic is passed through !--- the GRE tunnel.

ip route 10.11.11.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel0
no ip http server
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4
login 
!
end!
End

version 12.4
service timestamps debug uptime
service timestamps log uptime
no service password-encryption
!
hostname house
!
ip subnet-zero
no ip domain-lookup
!

!
interface Loopback1
ip address 10.11.11.11 255.255.255.0
!
interface Tunnel0
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

!--- Tunnel source.

tunnel source FastEthernet0/1

!--- Tunnel destination.

tunnel destination 192.168.4.2
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
no ip address
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
! 
interface FastEthernet4/0
no ip address
shutdown
duplex auto
speed auto
!
router ospf 11
log-adjacency-changes
network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 10.11.11.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
!
ip classless
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1

!--- The 10.22.22.0 traffic is passed through !--- the GRE tunnel.

ip route 10.22.22.0 255.255.255.0 Tunnel0
ip http server
!
line con 0
line aux 0
line vty 0 4

验证

当前没有可用于此配置的验证过程。

故障排除

本部分提供的信息可用于对配置进行故障排除。

如需排除 PIX 和 IPSec 隧道故障的其他信息，请参阅排除 PIX 故障以在已建立的 IPSec 隧道上传输数据流。

故障排除命令

命令输出解释程序（仅限注册用户）(OIT) 支持某些 show 命令。使用 OIT 可查看对 show 命令输出的分析。

注意：在使用debug命令之前，请参阅有关Debug命令的重要信息。

PIX IPSec 正常调试

• show crypto isakmp sa - 显示对等体之间建立的 Internet 安全连接和密钥管理协议 (ISAKMP) 安全关联 (SA)。

  Lion#show crypto isakmp sa
  Total : 1
  Embryonic : 0
  dst src state pending created
  10.65.10.15 10.64.10.16 QM_IDLE 0 1
  
  
  Tiger#show crypto isakmp sa
  Total SAs : 1
  Embryonic : 0
  dst src state pending created
  10.65.10.15 10.64.10.16 QM_IDLE 0 1

• show crypto engine connection active - 显示已建立的每个阶段 2 SA 和已发送的流量数。

  Lion#show crypto engine connection active
  Crypto Engine Connection Map:
  size = 8, free = 6, used = 2, active = 2
  
  
  Tiger#show crypto engine connection active
  Crypto Engine Connection Map:
  size = 8, free = 6, used = 2, active = 2

• show debug - 显示调试输出。

  Lion#show debug
  debug crypto ipsec 
  debug crypto isakmp 
  debug crypto engine
  crypto_isakmp_process_block: src 10.65.10.15, dest 10.64.10.16
  OAK_MM exchange
  ISAKMP (0): processing SA payload. message ID = 0
  
  ISAKMP (0): Checking ISAKMP transform 1 against priority 20 policy
  ISAKMP: encryption DES-CBC
  ISAKMP: hash MD5
  ISAKMP: default group 1
  ISAKMP: auth pre-share
  ISAKMP: life type in seconds
  ISAKMP: life duration (basic) of 3600
  ISAKMP (0): atts are acceptable. Next payload is 0
  ISAKMP (0): SA is doing pre-shared key authentication using id type ID_IPV4_ADDR
  return status is IKMP_NO_ERROR# 
  crypto_isakmp_process_block: src 10.65.10.15, dest 10.64.10.16
  OAK_MM exchange
  ISAKMP (0): processing KE payload. message ID = 0
  
  ISAKMP (0): processing NONCE payload. message ID = 0
  
  ISAKMP (0): processing vendor id payload
  
  ISAKMP (0): speaking to another IOS box!
  
  ISAKMP (0): ID payload
  next-payload : 8
  type : 1
  protocol : 17
  port : 500
  length : 8
  ISAKMP (0): Total payload length: 12
  return status is IKMP_NO_ERROR
  crypto_isakmp_process_block: src 10.65.10.15, dest 10.64.10.16
  OAK_MM exchange
  ISAKMP (0): processing ID payload. message ID = 0
  ISAKMP (0): processing HASH payload. message ID = 0
  ISAKMP (0): SA has been authenticated
  
  ISAKMP (0): beginning Quick Mode exchange, M-ID of 1220019031:48b80357IPSEC(key.
  IPSEC(spi_response): getting spi 0xa67177c5(2792454085) for SA 
  from 10.65.10.15 to 10.64.10.16 for prot 3
  
  return status is IKMP_NO_ERROR
  crypto_isakmp_process_block: src 10.65.10.15, dest 10.64.10.16
  OAK_QM exchange
  oakley_process_quick_mode:
  OAK_QM_IDLE
  ISAKMP (0): processing SA payload. message ID = 1220019031
  
  ISAKMP : Checking IPSec proposal 1
  
  ISAKMP: transform 1, ESP_DES
  ISAKMP: attributes in transform:
  ISAKMP: encaps is 1
  ISAKMP: SA life type in seconds
  ISAKMP: SA life duration (basic) of 28800
  ISAKMP: SA life type in kilobytes
  ISAKMP: SA life duration (VPI) of 0x0 0x46 0x50 0x0 
  ISAKMP: authenticator is HMAC-MD5
  ISAKMP (0): atts are acceptable.IPSEC(validate_proposal_request): proposal part,
  (key eng. msg.) dest= 10.65.10.15, src= 10.64.10.16, 
  dest_proxy= 192.168.3.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4), 
  src_proxy= 192.168.4.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4),
  protocol= ESP, transform= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , 
  lifedur= 0s and 0kb, 
  spi= 0x0(0), conn_id= 0, keysize= 0, flags= 0x4
  
  ISAKMP (0): processing NONCE payload. message ID = 1220019031
  
  ISAKMP (0): processing ID payload. message ID = 1220019031
  ISAKMP (0): processing ID payload. message ID = 1220019031map_alloc_entry: allo2
  map_alloc_entry: allocating entry 1
  
  ISAKMP (0): Creating IPSec SAs
  inbound SA from 10.65.10.15 to 10.64.10.16 (proxy 192.168.3)
  has spi 2792454085 and conn_id 2 and flags 4
  lifetime of 28800 seconds
  lifetime of 4608000 kilobytes
  outbound SA from 10.64.10.16 to 10.65.10.15 (proxy 192.168.)
  has spi 285493108 and conn_id 1 and flags 4
  lifetime of 28800 seconds
  lifetime of 4608000 kilobytesIPSEC(key_engine): got a queue event...
  IPSEC(initialize_sas): ,
  (key eng. msg.) dest= 10.64.10.16, src= 10.65.10.15, 
  dest_proxy= 192.168.4.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4), 
  src_proxy= 192.168.3.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4),
  protocol= ESP, transform= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , 
  lifedur= 28800s and 4608000kb, 
  spi= 0xa67177c5(2792454085), conn_id= 2, keysize= 0, flags= 0x4
  IPSEC(initialize_sas): ,
  (key eng. msg.) src= 10.64.10.16, dest= 10.65.10.15, 
  src_proxy= 192.168.4.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4), 
  dest_proxy= 192.168.3.0/255.255.255.0/0/0 (type=4),
  protocol= ESP, transform= esp-des esp-md5-hmac , 
  lifedur= 28800s and 4608000kb, 
  spi= 0x11044774(285493108), conn_id= 1, keysize= 0, flags= 0x4
  
  return status is IKMP_NO_ERROR

路由器 GRE 传输路由和 Ping

• show ip route - 显示 IP 路由表条目。

  rodney#show ip route
  Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
  N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  P - periodic downloaded static route
  
  Gateway of last resort is 192.168.4.1 to network 0.0.0.0
  
  10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Tunnel0
  10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 10.20.20.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
  10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 10.22.22.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
  C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0/1
  10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  S 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, Tunnel0
  10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  O 10.11.11.11 [110/11112] via 10.1.1.1, 03:34:01, Tunnel0
  S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.4.1
  rodney#
  rodney#ping 10.11.11.11
  
  Type escape sequence to abort.
  Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.11.11.11, timeout is 2 seconds:
  !!!!!
  Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/2/4 ms
  
  
  
  house#show ip route
  Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
  D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area 
  N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
  E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
  i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
  * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
  P - periodic downloaded static route
  
  Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0
  
  10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Tunnel0
  10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  S 10.20.20.0 is directly connected, Tunnel0
  10.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  O 10.22.22.22 [110/11112] via 10.1.1.2, 03:33:39, Tunnel0
  10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 10.10.10.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
  10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
  C 10.11.11.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
  C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
  S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1
  
  house#ping 10.22.22.22
  
  Type escape sequence to abort.
  Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.22.22.22, timeout is 2 seconds:
  !!!!!
  Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/3/4 ms

相关信息

• IPsec 协商/IKE 协议
• Cisco Secure PIX 防火墙命令参考
• PIX 产品支持
• 技术支持和文档 - Cisco Systems