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本文档介绍如何在Cisco ASA和运行Cisco IOS®软件的路由器之间设置站点到站点IKEv2隧道。
Cisco 建议您了解以下主题:
本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本:
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始(默认)配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态,请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。
本文档也可用于以下硬件和软件版本:
使用预共享密钥在ASA和路由器之间配置IKEv2隧道非常简单。但是,当您使用证书身份验证时,需要记住某些注意事项。
证书身份验证要求使用的所有设备上的时钟都必须同步到公共源。虽然可以在每台设备上手动设置时钟,但这样做并不十分准确,而且可能很麻烦。同步所有设备上时钟的最简单方法是使用NTP。NTP同步一组分布式时间服务器和客户端之间的时间。此同步允许在创建系统日志以及发生其他特定时间事件时关联事件。有关如何配置NTP的详细信息,请参阅网络时间协议:最佳实践白皮书。
提示:使用Cisco IOS软件证书颁发机构(CA)服务器时,通常会将同一设备配置为NTP服务器。在本示例中,CA服务器还用作NTP服务器。
基于HTTP URL的证书查找可避免传输大型证书时产生的分段。默认情况下,此功能在Cisco IOS软件设备上启用,因此Cisco IOS软件使用证书请求类型12。
如果在ASA上使用没有Cisco Bug ID CSCul48246修复程序的软件版本,则不会在ASA上协商基于HTTP-URL的查找,并且Cisco IOS软件会导致授权尝试失败。
在ASA上,如果启用了IKEv2协议调试,则会显示以下消息:
IKEv2-PROTO-1: (139): Auth exchange failed
IKEv2-PROTO-1: (140): Unsupported cert encoding found or Peer requested
HTTP URL but never sent
HTTP_LOOKUP_SUPPORTED Notification
为避免此问题,请使用 no crypto ikev2 http-url cert
命令,以便在路由器与ASA对等时禁用此功能。
在IKE AUTH阶段互联网安全关联和密钥管理协议(ISAKMP)协商期间,对等体必须相互标识自己。但是,路由器和ASA选择其本地身份的方式有所不同。
当路由器上使用IKEv2隧道时,协商中使用的本地身份由 identity local
命令:
R1(config-ikev2-profile)#identity local ?
address address
dn Distinguished Name
email Fully qualified email string
fqdn Fully qualified domain name string
key-id key-id opaque string - proprietary types of identification
默认情况下,路由器使用地址作为本地身份。
预期的对等ID也可在与的同一配置文件中手动配置 match identity remote
指令:
R1(config-ikev2-profile)#match identity remote ?
address IP Address(es)
any match any peer identity
email Fully qualified email string [Max. 255 char(s)]
fqdn Fully qualified domain name string [Max. 255 char(s)]
key-id key-id opaque string
在ASA上,ISAKMP身份是使用 crypto isakmp identity
指令:
ciscoasa/vpn(config)# crypto isakmp identity ?
configure mode commands/options:
address Use the IP address of the interface for the identity
auto Identity automatically determined by the connection type: IP
address for preshared key and Cert DN for Cert based connections
hostname Use the hostname of the router for the identity
key-id Use the specified key-id for the identity
默认情况下,命令模式设置为auto,这意味着ASA按连接类型确定ISAKMP协商:
注意:Cisco Bug ID CSCul48099是增强请求,用于基于每个隧道组进行配置,而不是在全局配置中进行配置。
远程ID验证自动完成(由连接类型确定),且无法更改。可以使用以下功能基于每个隧道组启用或禁用验证 peer-id-validate
指令:
ciscoasa/vpn(config-tunnel-ipsec)# peer-id-validate ?
tunnel-group-ipsec mode commands/options:
cert If supported by certificate
nocheck Do not check
req Required
ID选择/验证的差异会导致两个单独的互操作性问题:
在ASA上使用证书身份验证时,ASA会尝试从收到的证书上的主题备用名称(SAN)验证对等体ID。如果启用了对等体ID验证,并且在ASA上启用了IKEv2平台调试,则会显示以下调试:
IKEv2-PROTO-3: (172): Getting configured policies
IKEv2-PLAT-3: attempting to find tunnel group for ID: 172.16.1.1
IKEv2-PLAT-3: mapped to tunnel group 172.16.1.1 using phase 1 ID
IKEv2-PLAT-3: (172) tg_name set to: 172.16.1.1
IKEv2-PLAT-3: (172) tunn grp type set to: L2L
IKEv2-PLAT-3: Peer ID check started, received ID type: IPv4 address
IKEv2-PLAT-2: Peer ID check: failed to retreive IP from SAN
IKEv2-PLAT-2: Peer ID check: failed to retreive DNS name from SAN
IKEv2-PLAT-2: Peer ID check: failed to retreive RFC822 name from SAN
IKEv2-PLAT-1: retrieving SAN for peer ID check
IKEv2-PLAT-1: Peer ID check failed
IKEv2-PROTO-1: (172): Failed to locate an item in the database
IKEv2-PROTO-1: (172):
IKEv2-PROTO-5: (172): SM Trace-> SA: I_SPI=833D2323FCB46093
R_SPI=F0B4D318DDDDB783 (I) MsgID = 00000001 CurState: I_PROC_AUTH
Event: EV_AUTH_FAIL
IKEv2-PROTO-3: (172): Verify auth failed
IKEv2-PROTO-5: (172): SM Trace-> SA: I_SPI=833D2323FCB46093
R_SPI=F0B4D318DDDDB783 (I) MsgID = 00000001 CurState: AUTH_DONE
Event: EV_FAIL
IKEv2-PROTO-3: (172): Auth exchange failed
对于此问题,需要在对等证书中包含证书的IP地址,或者需要在ASA上禁用对等ID验证。
同样,默认情况下,ASA自动选择本地ID,因此,使用证书身份验证时,它会发送可分辨名称(DN)作为身份。如果路由器配置为接收作为远程ID的地址,则路由器上的对等ID验证将失败。如果路由器上启用了IKEv2调试,则会显示以下调试:
Nov 30 22:49:14.464: IKEv2:(SESSION ID = 172,SA ID = 1):SM Trace-> SA:
I_SPI=E9E4B7FD0A336C97 R_SPI=F2CF438C0CCA281C (R) MsgID = 1 CurState:
R_WAIT_AUTH Event: EV_GET_POLICY_BY_PEERID
Nov 30 22:49:14.464: IKEv2:(SESSION ID = 172,SA ID = 1):Searching policy
based on peer's identity 'hostname=asa.cisco.com' of type 'DER ASN1 DN'
Nov 30 22:49:14.464: IKEv2:%Profile could not be found by peer certificate.
Nov 30 22:49:14.468: IKEv2:% IKEv2 profile not found
Nov 30 22:49:14.468: IKEv2:(SESSION ID = 172,SA ID = 1):: Failed to
locate an item in the database
对于此问题,请配置路由器以验证完全限定域名(FQDN),或配置ASA以使用地址作为ISAKMP ID。
注:在路由器上,必须配置附加到IKEv2配置文件的证书映射才能识别DN。有关如何设置此配置的信息,请参阅Internet Key Exchange for IPsec VPNs配置指南、Cisco IOS XE版本3S Cisco文档的证书到ISAKMP配置文件映射部分。
如果使用证书(而不是预共享密钥)进行身份验证,则身份验证负载会大得多。这通常会导致分段,如果路径中丢失或丢弃了分段,则会导致身份验证失败。如果隧道因身份验证负载的大小而无法启动,通常的原因包括:
Control Plane Policing
在可以阻止数据包的路由器上。crypto ikev2 fragmentation mtu size
命令。从ASA 9.0版开始,ASA支持多情景模式下的VPN。但是,当在多情景模式下配置VPN时,请确保在已配置VPN的系统中分配适当的资源。
有关详细信息,请参阅CLI手册1:Cisco ASA系列常规操作CLI配置指南9.8的有关资源管理的信息部分。
证书撤销列表(CRL)是已颁发、随后由给定CA撤销的撤销证书的列表。证书可以因多种原因被撤销,例如:
用于证书撤销的机制取决于CA。已撤销的证书在CRL中通过其序列号表示。如果网络设备尝试验证证书的有效性,它会下载并扫描当前CRL以获取所提供证书的序列号。因此,如果在任一对等体上启用CRL验证,则必须配置适当的CRL URL,以便验证ID证书的有效性。
有关CRL的详细信息,请参阅Cisco IOS XE版本3S的公钥基础设施配置指南的什么是CRL部分。
如果ASA配置了具有中间CA的证书,并且其对等体没有相同的中间CA,则需要明确配置ASA以将完整的证书链发送到路由器。路由器默认执行此操作。为此,当您在crypto map下定义信任点时,请添加chain关键字,如下所示:
crypto map outside-map 1 set trustpoint ios-ca chain
如果不这样做,则只要ASA是响应方,才会协商隧道。如果它是发起方,则隧道协商失败,并且路由器上的PKI和IKEv2调试显示以下内容:
2328304: Jun 8 19:14:38.051 GMT: IKEv2:(SESSION ID = 14607,SA ID = 68):
Get peer's authentication method
2328305: Jun 8 19:14:38.051 GMT: IKEv2:(SESSION ID = 14607,SA ID = 68):
Peer's authentication method is 'RSA'
2328306: Jun 8 19:14:38.051 GMT: IKEv2:(SESSION ID = 14607,SA ID = 68):
SM Trace-> SA: I_SPI=E4368647479E50EF R_SPI=97B2C8AA5268271A (R) MsgID = 1
CurState: R_VERIFY_AUTH Event: EV_CHK_CERT_ENC
2328307: Jun 8 19:14:38.051 GMT: IKEv2:(SESSION ID = 14607,SA ID = 68):
SM Trace-> SA: I_SPI=E4368647479E50EF R_SPI=97B2C8AA5268271A (R) MsgID = 1
CurState: R_VERIFY_AUTH Event: EV_VERIFY_X509_CERTS
2328308: Jun 8 19:14:38.051 GMT: CRYPTO_PKI: (A16A8) Adding peer certificate
2328309: Jun 8 19:14:38.055 GMT: CRYPTO_PKI: Added x509 peer certificate -(1359) bytes
2328310: Jun 8 19:14:38.055 GMT: CRYPTO_PKI: ip-ext-val: IP extension validation
not required
2328311: Jun 8 19:14:38.055 GMT: CRYPTO_PKI: create new ca_req_context type
PKI_VERIFY_CHAIN_CONTEXT,ident 4177
2328312: Jun 8 19:14:38.055 GMT: CRYPTO_PKI: (A16A8)validation path has 1 certs
2328313: Jun 8 19:14:38.055 GMT: CRYPTO_PKI: (A16A8) Check for identical certs
2328314: Jun 8 19:14:38.055 GMT: CRYPTO_PKI : (A16A8) Validating non-trusted cert
2328315: Jun 8 19:14:38.055 GMT: CRYPTO_PKI: (A16A8) Create a list of suitable
trustpoints
2328316: Jun 8 19:14:38.055 GMT: CRYPTO_PKI: Unable to locate cert record by
issuername
2328317: Jun 8 19:14:38.055 GMT: CRYPTO_PKI: No trust point for cert issuer,
looking up cert chain
2328318: Jun 8 19:14:38.055 GMT: CRYPTO_PKI: (A16A8) No suitable trustpoints found
2328319: Jun 8 19:14:38.059 GMT: IKEv2:(SESSION ID = 14607,SA ID = 68):: Platform
errors
2328320: Jun 8 19:14:38.059 GMT: IKEv2:(SESSION ID = 14607,SA ID = 68):SM Trace-> SA:
I_SPI=E4368647479E50EF R_SPI=97B2C8AA5268271A (R) MsgID = 1 CurState:
R_VERIFY_AUTH Event: EV_CERT_FAIL
2328321: Jun 8 19:14:38.059 GMT: IKEv2:(SESSION ID = 14607,SA ID = 68):Verify cert
failed
2328322: Jun 8 19:14:38.059 GMT: IKEv2:(SESSION ID = 14607,SA ID = 68):
SM Trace-> SA: I_SPI=E4368647479E50EF R_SPI=97B2C8AA5268271A (R) MsgID = 1 CurState:
R_VERIFY_AUTH Event: EV_AUTH_FAIL
2328323: Jun 8 19:14:38.059 GMT: IKEv2:(SESSION ID = 14607,SA ID = 68)
:Verification of peer's authentication data FAILED
domain-name cisco.com
!
interface outside
nameif outside
security-level 0
ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface CA
nameif CA
security-level 50
ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
!
! acl which defines crypto domains, must be mirror images on both peers
!
access-list cryacl extended permit ip 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.0
255.255.255.0
pager lines 24
logging console debugging
mtu outside 1500
mtu CA 1500
mtu backbone 1500
route outside 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1 1
route CA 192.168.254.254 255.255.255.255 192.168.0.254 1
crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal AES256
protocol esp encryption aes-256
protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5
crypto ipsec ikev2 ipsec-proposal DES
protocol esp encryption des
protocol esp integrity sha-1 md5
crypto ipsec security-association pmtu-aging infinite
crypto map outside-map 1 match address cryacl
crypto map outside-map 1 set pfs
crypto map outside-map 1 set peer 172.16.1.1
crypto map outside-map 1 set ikev2 ipsec-proposal DES AES256
crypto map outside-map 1 set trustpoint ios-ca chain
crypto map outside-map interface outside
crypto ca trustpoint ios-ca
enrollment url http://192.168.254.254:80
fqdn asa.cisco.com
keypair ios-ca
crl configure
crypto ca certificate chain ios-ca
certificate ca 01
3082020f 30820178 a0030201 02020101 300d0609 2a864886 f70d0101 04050030
1b311930 17060355 04031310 696f732d 63612e63 6973636f 2e636f6d 301e170d
31333131 31353231 33353533 5a170d31 33313231 35323133 3535335a 301b3119
30170603 55040313 10696f73 2d63612e 63697363 6f2e636f 6d30819f 300d0609
2a864886 f70d0101 01050003 818d0030 81890281 81009ebb 48957c44 c940236f
a1cda758 aa930e8c 91390734 b8ef814d 0bf7aec9 7ec40379 7749d3c6 154f6a32
00738655 33b20207 037a9e15 3229fa72 478424fb 409f518d b13d328d e761be08
8023b4ff f410054b 4423156d 66c99788 69ab5956 966d5e1b 4d1c1120 a05ad08c
f036a134 3b2fc425 e4a2524f 36e0a129 2c8f6cee 971d0203 010001a3 63306130
0f060355 1d130101 ff040530 030101ff 300e0603 551d0f01 01ff0404 03020186
301f0603 551d2304 18301680 14082896 b9f4af20 75514321 d072f161 d09d2ec8
aa301d06 03551d0e 04160414 082896b9 f4af2075 514321d0 72f161d0 9d2ec8aa
300d0609 2a864886 f70d0101 04050003 81810087 a06d354a f7423e0e 64a7c5ec
6006fbde 914d7bfd f86ada50 b1a00d17 0bf06ec1 5423d514 fbeb0a76 986eb63f
f7fce99a 81c4b112 61fd69ce a2ce750e b1b3a6f9 84e92490 8f213613 451dd9a8
3fc3406a 854b20ed 27e4ddd8 62f6dea5 dd8b4396 1879b3e7 651cb9d1 3dd46b8b
32796963 9f6854f1 389f0060 aa0d1b8d f83e09
quit
certificate 08
3082028e 308201f7 a0030201 02020108 300d0609 2a864886 f70d0101 04050030
1b311930 17060355 04031310 696f732d 63612e63 6973636f 2e636f6d 301e170d
31333131 31383136 31383130 5a170d31 33313132 38313631 3831305a 301e311c
301a0609 2a864886 f70d0109 02160d61 73612e63 6973636f 2e636f6d 30819f30
0d06092a 864886f7 0d010101 05000381 8d003081 89028181 00c38ee5 75215237
2728cffd 3519cd15 ebcaab2c 48d63b92 7562d2fc f7db60bc ecb03b2c 4e4dff07
47ad5122 80899055 37f346d7 d10962e9 1e5edb06 8985ee7e 8a6da977 2460f82e
53679457 ed10372a 9ff2946e 449214e4 9be95cab 51d7681c 2db0382b 048fe807
1d1bb9b0 e4bd9de6 c99cafea c279e943 1e1f5d1b d1e6010c b7020301 0001a381
de3081db 30310603 551d2504 2a302806 082b0601 05050703 0106082b 06010505
07030506 082b0601 05050703 0606082b 06010505 07030730 3c060355 1d1f0435
30333031 a02fa02d 862b6874 74703a2f 2f313932 2e313638 2e323534 2e323534
2f696f73 2d636163 64702e69 6f732d63 612e6372 6c301806 03551d11 0411300f
820d6173 612e6369 73636f2e 636f6d30 0e060355 1d0f0101 ff040403 0205a030
1f060355 1d230418 30168014 082896b9 f4af2075 514321d0 72f161d0 9d2ec8aa
301d0603 551d0e04 1604145b 76de9ef0 d3255efe f4bc551b 69cd8398 d1596c30
0d06092a 864886f7 0d010104 05000381 81003fb0 ec7719cd 4f6162b2 90727db4
da5606f2 61441dc6 094fb3a6 defe62ef 5ff8f140 3bc3448c e0b42d26 07647607
fd7518cb 034139d3 e3648fd2 9d93b5e4 db3b828b 16d50dd5 3e18cdd6 74855de4
88a159d6 6ef51718 cf6cc4e4 53c2aca3 36442ff0 bb4b8493 22f0e632 a8b32b36
f287801f 8d47637f e4e9ee6a b4555094 c092
quit
!
! manually select the ISAKMP identity to use address on the ASA
crypto isakmp identity address
crypto ikev2 policy 1
encryption aes-256
integrity sha
group 14 5 2
prf sha
lifetime seconds 86400
crypto ikev2 policy 10
encryption aes-192
integrity sha256 sha
group 14 5 2
prf sha
lifetime seconds 86400
crypto ikev2 policy 30
encryption 3des
integrity sha
group 5 2
prf sha
lifetime seconds 86400
crypto ikev2 enable outside
!
! to allow pings from the CA interface that will bring up the tunnel during
testing.
!
management-access CA
!
group-policy GroupPolicy2 internal
group-policy GroupPolicy2 attributes
vpn-idle-timeout 30
vpn-tunnel-protocol ikev1 ikev2
tunnel-group 172.16.1.1 type ipsec-l2l
tunnel-group 172.16.1.1 general-attributes
default-group-policy GroupPolicy2
tunnel-group 172.16.1.1 ipsec-attributes
!
! disable peer-id validation
!
peer-id-validate nocheck
ikev2 remote-authentication certificate
ikev2 local-authentication certificate ios-ca
: end
! NTP configuration
ntp trusted-key 1
ntp server 192.168.254.254
ip domain name cisco.com
!
crypto pki trustpoint tp_ikev2
enrollment url http://192.168.254.254:80
usage ike
fqdn R1.cisco.com
!
! necessary only in this example as no crl has been configured on the IOS CA.
On the ASA this is enabled by default. When using proper 3rd party
certificates this is not necessary.
!
revocation-check none
rsakeypair ikev2_cert
eku request server-auth
!
crypto pki certificate chain tp_ikev2
certificate 0B
308202F4 3082025D A0030201 0202010B 300D0609 2A864886 F70D0101 05050030
1B311930 17060355 04031310 696F732D 63612E63 6973636F 2E636F6D 301E170D
31333131 32353233 35363537 5A170D31 33313230 35323335 3635375A 301D311B
30190609 2A864886 F70D0109 02160C52 312E6369 73636F2E 636F6D30 82012230
0D06092A 864886F7 0D010101 05000382 010F0030 82010A02 82010100 A1032A61
A3F14539 87816C22 8C66A170 3A9661EA 4AF6F063 3FC305B8 E525B84D AA74A9CE
666B1BF5 3C7DF025 31FEB161 CE49845F 3EC2DE7B D3FCC685 D6F80C8C 0AA12772
1B4AB15C 90C04446 068A0DBA 7BFA4E40 E978364F A2B07F7C 02C691A8 921A5481
A4AF07B4 BA0C9DBA D35F4566 6CB70553 DAF09A45 F2948C5A 1621E5D2 98508D49
A2EF61D3 AAF3A9DB 87F2D763 89AD0BBE 916A6CF8 1B59C426 7960013B 061AA0A5
F6870319 87A35ABA 8C1B5CF5 42976739 B8C936D3 24276E56 F59E3CFD 9B9B4A0D
2E5294AB C4470376 5D96915F 275CBC78 586D6755 F45C7592 62DCA916 CEC1A450
3FF090A9 15088CD2 13B90391 B0795263 071C7002 8CBF98F2 89788A0B 02030100
01A381C1 3081BE30 3C060355 1D1F0435 30333031 A02FA02D 862B6874 74703A2F
2F313932 2E313638 2E323534 2E323534 2F696F73 2D636163 64702E69 6F732D63
612E6372 6C303106 03551D25 042A3028 06082B06 01050507 03010608 2B060105
05070305 06082B06 01050507 03060608 2B060105 05070307 300B0603 551D0F04
04030205 A0301F06 03551D23 04183016 80140828 96B9F4AF 20755143 21D072F1
61D09D2E C8AA301D 0603551D 0E041604 14C63949 4CA10DBB 2BBB6F98 BAFF0EE2
B3716CEE 3B300D06 092A8648 86F70D01 01050500 03818100 3080FEF6 9160357B
6F28ED60 428BA6CE 203706F6 F91DA273 AF6E81D3 46539E13 B4C89A9A 19E1F0BC
A631A418 C30DFC8E 0585039D EB07D35D E719F5FE A4EE47B5 CED31B12 745C9EE8
5B6B0F17 67C3B965 C927B379 C674933F 84E7A1F7 851A6CF0 8775B1C5 3A033D90
75965DCA 86E4A842 E2C35AC0 6BFA8144 699B1582 C094BF35
quit
certificate ca 01
3082020F 30820178 A0030201 02020101 300D0609 2A864886 F70D0101 04050030
1B311930 17060355 04031310 696F732D 63612E63 6973636F 2E636F6D 301E170D
31333131 31353231 33353533 5A170D31 33313231 35323133 3535335A 301B3119
30170603 55040313 10696F73 2D63612E 63697363 6F2E636F 6D30819F 300D0609
2A864886 F70D0101 01050003 818D0030 81890281 81009EBB 48957C44 C940236F
A1CDA758 AA930E8C 91390734 B8EF814D 0BF7AEC9 7EC40379 7749D3C6 154F6A32
00738655 33B20207 037A9E15 3229FA72 478424FB 409F518D B13D328D E761BE08
8023B4FF F410054B 4423156D 66C99788 69AB5956 966D5E1B 4D1C1120 A05AD08C
F036A134 3B2FC425 E4A2524F 36E0A129 2C8F6CEE 971D0203 010001A3 63306130
0F060355 1D130101 FF040530 030101FF 300E0603 551D0F01 01FF0404 03020186
301F0603 551D2304 18301680 14082896 B9F4AF20 75514321 D072F161 D09D2EC8
AA301D06 03551D0E 04160414 082896B9 F4AF2075 514321D0 72F161D0 9D2EC8AA
300D0609 2A864886 F70D0101 04050003 81810087 A06D354A F7423E0E 64A7C5EC
6006FBDE 914D7BFD F86ADA50 B1A00D17 0BF06EC1 5423D514 FBEB0A76 986EB63F
F7FCE99A 81C4B112 61FD69CE A2CE750E B1B3A6F9 84E92490 8F213613 451DD9A8
3FC3406A 854B20ED 27E4DDD8 62F6DEA5 DD8B4396 1879B3E7 651CB9D1 3DD46B8B
32796963 9F6854F1 389F0060 AA0D1B8D F83E09
quit
!
crypto ikev2 proposal aes-cbc-256-proposal
encryption aes-cbc-256
integrity sha1
group 5 2 14
!
crypto ikev2 policy policy1
match address local 172.16.1.1
proposal aes-cbc-256-proposal
!
crypto ikev2 profile profile1
description IKEv2 profile
!
! router configured to use address as the remote identity. By default local
identity is address
!
match address local 172.16.1.1
match identity remote address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.255
authentication remote rsa-sig
authentication local rsa-sig
pki trustpoint tp_ikev2
!
! disable http-url based cert lookup
!
no crypto ikev2 http-url cert
!
crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-SHA esp-aes 256 esp-sha-hmac
mode tunnel
!
crypto map SDM_CMAP_1 1 ipsec-isakmp
set peer 172.16.1.2
set transform-set ESP-AES-SHA
set pfs group2
set ikev2-profile profile1
match address 103
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
crypto map SDM_CMAP_1
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2
ip route 192.168.254.254 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.254
!
! access list that defines crypto domains, must be mirror images on both peers.
!
access-list 103 permit ip 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255
!
! ntp configuration
!
ntp trusted-key 1
ntp server 192.168.254.254
!
end
ip domain name cisco.com
!
! CA server configuration
!
crypto pki server ios-ca
database archive pkcs12 password 7 02050D4808095E731F
issuer-name CN=ios-ca.cisco.com
grant auto
lifetime certificate 10
lifetime ca-certificate 30
cdp-url http://192.168.254.254/ios-cacdp.ios-ca.crl
eku server-auth ipsec-end-system ipsec-tunnel ipsec-user
!
! this trustpoint is generated automatically when the CA server is enabled.
!
crypto pki trustpoint ios-ca
revocation-check crl
rsakeypair ios-ca
!
!
crypto pki certificate chain ios-ca
certificate ca 01
3082020F 30820178 A0030201 02020101 300D0609 2A864886 F70D0101 04050030
1B311930 17060355 04031310 696F732D 63612E63 6973636F 2E636F6D 301E170D
31333131 31353231 33353533 5A170D31 33313231 35323133 3535335A 301B3119
30170603 55040313 10696F73 2D63612E 63697363 6F2E636F 6D30819F 300D0609
2A864886 F70D0101 01050003 818D0030 81890281 81009EBB 48957C44 C940236F
A1CDA758 AA930E8C 91390734 B8EF814D 0BF7AEC9 7EC40379 7749D3C6 154F6A32
00738655 33B20207 037A9E15 3229FA72 478424FB 409F518D B13D328D E761BE08
8023B4FF F410054B 4423156D 66C99788 69AB5956 966D5E1B 4D1C1120 A05AD08C
F036A134 3B2FC425 E4A2524F 36E0A129 2C8F6CEE 971D0203 010001A3 63306130
0F060355 1D130101 FF040530 030101FF 300E0603 551D0F01 01FF0404 03020186
301F0603 551D2304 18301680 14082896 B9F4AF20 75514321 D072F161 D09D2EC8
AA301D06 03551D0E 04160414 082896B9 F4AF2075 514321D0 72F161D0 9D2EC8AA
300D0609 2A864886 F70D0101 04050003 81810087 A06D354A F7423E0E 64A7C5EC
6006FBDE 914D7BFD F86ADA50 B1A00D17 0BF06EC1 5423D514 FBEB0A76 986EB63F
F7FCE99A 81C4B112 61FD69CE A2CE750E B1B3A6F9 84E92490 8F213613 451DD9A8
3FC3406A 854B20ED 27E4DDD8 62F6DEA5 DD8B4396 1879B3E7 651CB9D1 3DD46B8B
32796963 9F6854F1 389F0060 AA0D1B8D F83E09
quit
voice-card 0
!
!
interface Loopback0
ip address 192.168.254.254 255.255.255.255
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
ip address 192.168.0.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
duplex auto
speed auto
!
! http-server needs to be enabeld for SCEP
!
ip http server
no ip http secure-server
!
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.122.162.129
ip route 172.18.108.26 255.255.255.255 10.122.162.129
!
! ntp configuration
!
ntp trusted-key 1
ntp master 1
!
end
使用本部分可确认配置能否正常运行。
以下命令适用于ASA和路由器:
show crypto ikev2 sa
— 显示第1阶段安全关联(SA)的状态。show crypto ipsec sa
— 显示第2阶段SA的状态。注意:与IKEv1不同,在此输出中,在第一次隧道协商期间,完全转发保密性(PFS)Diffie-Hellman(DH)组值显示为“PFS(Y/N):N,DH组:无”;重新生成密钥后,将显示正确的值。这不是Bug,而是预期行为。
IKEv1和IKEv2之间的区别在于,在IKEv2中,子SA是作为身份验证交换本身的一部分创建的。在加密映射下配置的DH组仅在重新生成密钥期间使用。因此,在第一次重新生成密钥之前,您将看到“PFS(Y/N): N, DH组:none”。对于IKEv1,您会看到不同的行为,因为子SA创建发生在快速模式期间,并且CREATE_CHILD_SA消息具有携带密钥交换有效载荷的设置,该有效载荷指定用于派生新共享密钥的DH参数。
此过程验证第1阶段练习:
show crypto ikev2 sa
命令:R1#show crypto ikev2 sa
IPv4 Crypto IKEv2 SA
Tunnel-id Local Remote fvrf/ivrf Status
1 172.16.1.1/500 172.16.1.2/500 none/none READY
Encr: AES-CBC, keysize: 256, Hash: SHA96, DH Grp:14, Auth sign: RSA,
Auth verify: RSA
Life/Active Time: 86400/53 sec
IPv6 Crypto IKEv2 SA
show crypto ikev2 sa
命令:ciscoasa/vpn(config)# show crypto ikev2 sa
IKEv2 SAs:
Session-id:138, Status:UP-ACTIVE, IKE count:1, CHILD count:1
Tunnel-id Local Remote Status Role
45926289 172.16.1.2/500 172.16.1.1/500 READY INITIATOR
Encr: AES-CBC, keysize: 256, Hash: SHA96, DH Grp:14, Auth sign: RSA,
Auth verify: RSA
Life/Active Time: 86400/4 sec
Child sa: local selector 192.168.0.0/0 - 192.168.0.255/65535
remote selector 172.16.2.0/0 - 172.16.2.255/65535
ESP spi in/out: 0xa84caabb/0xf18dce57
此过程介绍如何验证是否已在两个对等体上正确协商了安全参数索引(SPI):
show crypto ipsec sa | i spi
命令:R1#show crypto ipsec sa | i spi
current outbound spi: 0xA84CAABB(2823596731)
spi: 0xF18DCE57(4052602455)
spi: 0xA84CAABB(2823596731)
show crypto ipsec sa | i spi
命令:ciscoasa/vpn(config)# show crypto ipsec sa | i spi
current outbound spi: F18DCE57
current inbound spi : A84CAABB
spi: 0xA84CAABB (2823596731)
spi: 0xF18DCE57 (4052602455)
此过程介绍如何确认流量是否流经隧道:
show crypto ipsec sa | i pkts
命令:R1#show crypto ipsec sa | i pkts
#pkts encaps: 21, #pkts encrypt: 21, #pkts digest: 21
#pkts decaps: 30, #pkts decrypt: 30, #pkts verify: 30
#pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
#pkts not compressed: 0, #pkts compr. failed: 0
#pkts not decompressed: 0, #pkts decompress failed: 0
show crypto ipsec sa | i pkts
命令:ciscoasa/vpn(config)# show crypto ipsec sa | i pkts
#pkts encaps: 4, #pkts encrypt: 4, #pkts digest: 4
#pkts decaps: 4, #pkts decrypt: 4, #pkts verify: 4
#pkts compressed: 0, #pkts decompressed: 0
#pkts not compressed: 4, #pkts comp failed: 0, #pkts decomp
failed: 0
本部分提供了可用于对配置进行故障排除的信息。
注:使用之前,请参阅有关Debug命令的重要信息 debug
命令。
注意:在ASA上,您可以设置各种调试级别;默认情况下,使用级别1。如果更改调试级别,调试的详细程度可能会增加。请谨慎执行此操作,尤其是在生产环境中!
用于隧道协商的ASA调试包括:
debug crypto ikev2 protocol
debug crypto ikev2 platform
证书身份验证的ASA调试为:
debug crypto ca
用于隧道协商的路由器调试包括:
debug crypto ikev2
debug crypto ikev2 error
debug crypto ikev2 internal
用于证书身份验证的路由器调试包括:
debug cry pki validation
debug cry pki transaction
debug cry pki messages
版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
3.0 |
29-Aug-2023 |
已编辑标题。已更新“使用的组件”下的设备和软件。已删除或更新断开的链接。为清楚起见,进行了编辑。
已更新描述。 |
2.0 |
21-Jul-2022 |
已编辑标题。已更新“使用的组件”下的设备和软件。已删除或更新断开的链接。为清楚起见,进行了编辑。 |
1.0 |
13-Feb-2014 |
初始版本 |