本文档介绍Easy Virtual Network(EVN)功能,该功能旨在在园区网络中提供易于配置的虚拟化机制。它利用当前技术,如虚拟路由和转发Lite(VRF-Lite)和dot1q封装,并且不引入任何新协议。
本文档没有任何特定的要求。
本文档中的信息基于下列硬件和软件版本:
本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始(默认)配置。如果您使用的是真实网络,请确保您已经了解所有命令的潜在影响。
以下是EVN功能的概述:
使用本节中介绍的信息配置EVN功能。
此网络设置用于说明EVN配置和show命令:
以下是有关此设置的一些重要说明:
要配置EVN功能,请完成以下步骤:
vrf definition [name]以下是有关此配置的一些重要说明:
vnet tag [2-4094]
!
address-family ipv4|ipv6
exit-address-family
!
vrf definition CUST-A对于这些VRF,在所有路由器上使用相同的VNET标记。在CORE-4上,VRF COM不需要VNET标记。目标是使该VRF保持在CORE-4的本地,并配置泄漏和重分发,以便从CUST-A和CUST-B访问通用服务器。
vnet tag 100
!
address-family ipv4
exit-address-family
vrf definition CUST-B
vnet tag 200
!
address-family ipv4
exit-address-family
CORE-1#show vnet counters
Maximum number of VNETs supported: 32
Current number of VNETs configured: 2
Current number of VNET trunk interfaces: 2
Current number of VNET subinterfaces: 4
Current number of VNET forwarding interfaces: 6
CORE-1#
interface GigabitEthernetx/x以下是有关此配置的一些重要说明:
vnet trunk
ip address x.x.x.x y.y.y.y
...
CORE-1#show run | s Ethernet0/0以下是派生的配置:
interface Ethernet0/0
vnet trunk
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
!
CORE-1#
CORE-1#show derived-config | s Ethernet0/0如图所示,所有子接口都继承主接口的IP地址。
interface Ethernet0/0
vnet trunk
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
Interface Ethernet0/0.100
description Subinterface for VNET CUST-A
encapsulation dot1Q 100
vrf forwarding CUST-A
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
interface Ethernet0/0.200
description Subinterface for VNET CUST-B
encapsulation dot1Q 200
vrf forwarding CUST-B
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
CORE-1#
interface GigabitEthernet x/x.y通过此设置,配置应用于CORE-1和CORE-4。以下是CORE-4的示例:
vrf forwarding [name]
ip address x.x.x.x y.y.y.y
...
interface Ethernet2/0
vrf forwarding CUST-A
ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet3/0
vrf forwarding CUST-B
ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Ethernet4/0
vrf forwarding COM
ip address 100.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
router ospf x vrf [name]
network x.x.x.x y.y.y.y area x
...
CORE-1#show run | s router os您可以进入路由情景模式,以查看与特定VRF相关的信息,而无需在每个命令中输入VRF规范:
router ospf 1 vrf CUST-A
network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
router ospf 2 vrf CUST-B
network 10.2.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
CORE-1#
CORE-1#routing-context vrf CUST-A
CORE-1%CUST-A#
CORE-1%CUST-A#show ip protocols
*** IP Routing is NSF aware ***
Routing Protocol is "ospf 1"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Router ID 192.168.1.13
It is an area border router
Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
192.168.1.9 110 1d00h
192.168.1.14 110 1d00h
Distance: (default is 110)
CORE-1%CUST-A#
CORE-1%CUST-A#show ip os neighbor
Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface
192.168.1.14 1 FULL/DR 00:00:30 192.168.1.14 Ethernet1/0.100
192.168.1.5 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:37 192.168.1.2 Ethernet0/0.100
10.1.1.2 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:33 10.1.1.2 Ethernet2/0
CORE-1%CUST-A#
CORE-1%CUST-A#show ip route 10.1.2.0
Routing Table: CUST-A
Routing entry for 10.1.2.0/24
Known via "ospf 1", distance 110, metric 30, type intra area
Last update from 192.168.1.2 on Ethernet0/0.100, 1d00h ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 192.168.1.14, from 192.168.1.9, 1d00h ago, via Ethernet1/0.100
Route metric is 30, traffic share count is 1
192.168.1.2, from 192.168.1.9, 1d00h ago, via Ethernet0/0.100
Route metric is 30, traffic share count is 1
CORE-1%CUST-A#
CORE-1%CUST-A#routing-context vrf CUST-B
CORE-1%CUST-B#
CORE-1%CUST-B#show ip route 10.2.2.0
Routing Table: CUST-B
Routing entry for 10.2.2.0/24
Known via "ospf 2", distance 110, metric 30, type intra area
Last update from 192.168.1.2 on Ethernet0/0.200, 1d00h ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 192.168.1.14, from 192.168.1.6, 1d00h ago, via Ethernet1/0.200
Route metric is 30, traffic share count is 1
192.168.1.2, from 192.168.1.6, 1d00h ago, via Ethernet0/0.200
Route metric is 30, traffic share count is 1
CORE-1%CUST-B#
CORE-1%CUST-B#exit
CORE-1#
CORE-1#
vrf definition VRF-X以下是有关此配置的一些重要说明:
address-family ipv4|ipv6
route-replicate from vrf VRF-Y unicast|multicast
[route-origin] [route-map [name]]
vrf definition CUST-A此时,复制的路由不会在内部网关协议(IGP)中传播,因此只有CE-A-2和CE-B-2有权访问COM服务(100.1.1.100),而不能访问CE-A-1和CE-B-1。
address-family ipv4
route-replicate from vrf COM unicast connected
!
vrf definition CUST-B
address-family ipv4
route-replicate from vrf COM unicast connected
!
vrf definition COM
address-family ipv4
route-replicate from vrf CUST-A unicast ospf 1 route-map USERS
route-replicate from vrf CUST-B unicast ospf 2 route-map USERS
!
route-map USERS permit 10
match ip address prefix-list USER-SUBNETS
!
ip prefix-list USER-SUBNETS seq 5 permit 10.0.0.0/8 le 32
CORE-4#show ip route vrf CUST-A
Routing Table: COM
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area,* - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
a - application route
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override
...
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
O 10.1.1.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.1.10, 3d19h, Ethernet1/0.100
[110/30] via 192.168.1.5, 3d19h, Ethernet0/0.100
100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C + 100.1.1.0/24 is directly connected (COM), Ethernet4/0
CORE-4#show ip route vrf CUST-B
... 10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
O 10.2.1.0/24 [110/30] via 192.168.1.10, 1d00h, Ethernet1/0.200
[110/30] via 192.168.1.5, 1d00h, Ethernet0/0.200
100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C + 100.1.1.0/24 is directly connected (COM), Ethernet4/0
CORE-4#show ip route vrf COM
...
10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
O + 10.1.1.0 [110/30] via 192.168.1.10 (CUST-A), 3d19h, Ethernet1/0.100
[110/30] via 192.168.1.5 (CUST-A), 3d19h, Ethernet0/0.100
O + 10.2.1.0 [110/30] via 192.168.1.10 (CUST-B), 1d00h, Ethernet1/0.200
[110/30] via 192.168.1.5 (CUST-B), 1d00h, Ethernet0/0.200
100.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 100.1.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet4/0
vrf definition VRF-X
address-family ipv4
route-replicate from vrf >global unicast|multicast [route-origin]
[route-map [name]]
exit-address-family
!
exit
!
global-address-family ipv4 unicast
route-replicate from vrf [vrf-name] unicast|multicast [route-origin]
[route-map [name]]
router ospf x vrf VRF-X从VRF-Y泄漏的路由在VRF-X中运行的OSPF进程中重分发。以下是CORE-4的示例:
redistribute vrf VRF-Y [route-origin] [route-map [name]]
router ospf 1 vrf CUST-A在这种情况下不需要路由映射,因为VRF COM中只有一条连接的路由。现在可以从CE-A-1和CE-B-1访问COM服务(100.1.1.100):
redistribute vrf COM connected subnets route-map CON-2-OSPF
!
route-map CON-2-OSPF permit 10
match ip address prefix-list COM
!
ip prefix-list COM seq 5 permit 100.1.1.0/24
CE-A-1#ping 100.1.1.100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 100.1.1.100, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
CE-A-1#
CE-B-1#ping 100.1.1.100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 100.1.1.100, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms
CE-B-1#
本节提供可用于调整VNET中继的信息。
默认情况下,所有VNET中继上都允许配置有VNET标记的所有VRF。中继列表允许您指定VNET中继上的授权VRF列表:
vrf list [list-name]
member [vrf-name]
!
interface GigabitEthernetx/x
vnet trunk list [list-name]
例如,CORE-1在CORE-1和CORE-2之间的VNET中继上针对VRF CUST-B进行了调整:
vrf list TEST
member CUST-A
!
interface ethernet0/0
vnet trunk list TEST
如图所示,VRF CUST-B跨中继的OSPF对等断开:
%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 192.168.1.2 on Ethernet0/0.200 from FULL to DOWN,
Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached
VRF CUST-B的子接口被删除:
CORE-1#show derived-config | b Ethernet0/0
interface Ethernet0/0
vnet trunk list TEST
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
!
interface Ethernet0/0.100
description Subinterface for VNET CUST-A
encapsulation dot1Q 100
vrf forwarding CUST-A
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
!
默认情况下,dot1q子接口继承物理接口的参数,以便所有VRF的子接口具有相同的属性(如开销和身份验证)。 您可以调整每个VNET标记的中继参数:
interface GigaEthernetx/x
vnet trunk
vnet name VRF-X
ip ospf cost 100
vnet name VRF-Y
ip ospf cost 15
您可以调整以下参数:
CORE-1(config-if-vnet)#?
Interface VNET instance override configuration commands:
bandwidth Set bandwidth informational parameter
default Set a command to its defaults
delay Specify interface throughput delay
exit-if-vnet Exit from VNET submode
ip Interface VNET submode Internet Protocol config commands
no Negate a command or set its defaults
vnet Configure protocol-independent VNET interface options
CORE-1(config-if-vnet)#
CORE-1(config-if-vnet)#ip ?
authentication authentication subcommands
bandwidth-percent Set EIGRP bandwidth limit
dampening-change Percent interface metric must change to cause update
dampening-interval Time in seconds to check interface metrics
hello-interval Configures EIGRP-IPv4 hello interval
hold-time Configures EIGRP-IPv4 hold time
igmp IGMP interface commands
mfib Interface Specific MFIB Control
multicast IP multicast interface commands
next-hop-self Configures EIGRP-IPv4 next-hop-self
ospf OSPF interface commands
pim PIM interface commands
split-horizon Perform split horizon
summary-address Perform address summarization
verify Enable per packet validation
CORE-1(config-if-vnet)#ip
在本示例中,CORE-1的每VRF的OSPF开销已更改,因此CORE-2路径用于CUST-A,CORE-3路径用于CUST-B(默认开销为10):
interface Ethernet0/0
vnet name CUST-A
ip ospf cost 8
!
vnet name CUST-B
ip ospf cost 12
!
CORE-1#show ip route vrf CUST-A 10.1.2.0
Routing Table: CUST-A
Routing entry for 10.1.2.0/24
Known via "ospf 1", distance 110, metric 28, type intra area
Last update from 192.168.1.2 on Ethernet0/0.100, 00:05:42 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 192.168.1.2, from 192.168.1.9, 00:05:42 ago, via Ethernet0/0.100
Route metric is 28, traffic share count is 1
CORE-1#
CORE-1#show ip route vrf CUST-B 10.2.2.0
Routing Table: CUST-B
Routing entry for 10.2.2.0/24
Known via "ospf 2", distance 110, metric 30, type intra area
Last update from 192.168.1.14 on Ethernet1/0.200, 00:07:03 ago
Routing Descriptor Blocks:
* 192.168.1.14, from 192.168.1.6, 1d18h ago, via Ethernet1/0.200
Route metric is 30, traffic share count is 1
CORE-1#
默认情况下,在VRF定义中定义的VNET标记用于所有中继。但是,您可以对每个中继使用不同的VNET标记。
本示例描述了连接到非EVN设备,并使用VRF-Lite和手动中继,且全局VNET标记被另一个VLAN使用的场景:
通过此设置,CUST-A的CORE-1和CORE-2之间的中继上使用的VNET标记从100更改为101:
interface Ethernet0/0
vnet name CUST-A
vnet tag 101
在CORE-1上发生此更改后,将创建一个新子接口:
CORE-1#show derived-config | b Ethernet0/0
interface Ethernet0/0
vnet trunk
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
!
interface Ethernet0/0.101
description Subinterface for VNET CUST-A
encapsulation dot1Q 101
vrf forwarding CUST-A
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
!
interface Ethernet0/0.200
description Subinterface for VNET CUST-B
encapsulation dot1Q 200
vrf forwarding CUST-B
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
如果此更改仅在一端发生,则关联的VRF中的连接将丢失,OSPF将断开:
%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.1.5 on Ethernet0/0.101 from FULL to DOWN,
Neighbor Down: Dead timer expired
在CORE-2上使用同一VNET标记后,连接将恢复,并且在该中继上使用dot1q标记101,而在CORE-1到CORE-3中继上仍使用100:
%OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.1.5 on Ethernet0/0.101 from LOADING to
FULL, Loading Done
当前没有可用于此配置的验证过程。
目前没有针对此配置的故障排除信息。
版本 | 发布日期 | 备注 |
---|---|---|
1.0 |
04-Aug-2014 |
初始版本 |