使用IOS XR配置GRT和VRF之间的路由泄漏

简介

本文档介绍使用Cisco IOS® XR软件配置从全局路由表(GRT)到VRF的路由泄漏的过程。

先决条件

要求

Cisco 建议您了解以下主题：

• 基本IP路由知识
• Cisco IOS和Cisco IOS XR命令行知识

使用的组件

此过程不限于Cisco IOS XR中的任何软件版本，因此，所有版本都可用于完成后续步骤。 

本文档中的信息基于以下软件和硬件版本：

• 采用Cisco IOS XR软件的路由器
• 使用Cisco IOS软件的路由器

本文档中的信息都是基于特定实验室环境中的设备编写的。本文档中使用的所有设备最初均采用原始（默认）配置。如果您的网络处于活动状态，请确保您了解所有命令的潜在影响。

背景信息

本演示的目的是显示全局路由表与之间路由泄漏的配置 vrf  Cisco IOS XR上的路由表。

拓扑

初始验证

接口和静态路由配置

ASR9901-1

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-1#show run interface gi0/0/0/0 Wed Oct 19 15:21:21.122 UTC interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 cdp vrf ORANGE ipv4 address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 ! 
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-1#show run router static Tue Feb 7 19:24:42.730 UTC router static vrf ORANGE address-family ipv4 unicast 172.16.20.0/24 192.168.10.2 

ASR9901-2

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#show run int gi0/0/0/0
Wed Oct 19 15:40:18.599 UTC
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
 cdp
 vrf ORANGE
 ipv4 address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0
!

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#show run int gi0/0/0/6
Wed Oct 19 15:41:08.593 UTC
interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0/6
 cdp
 ipv4 address 172.16.20.1 255.255.255.0
!

CISCO 2911-3

CISCO2911-3#show run interface gigabitEthernet0/1
Building configuration...

Current configuration : 100 bytes
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 ip address 172.16.20.2 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
end

CISCO2911-3#show run | section ip route
ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.20.1    

使用ping测试连接，例如，ASR9901-1可以ping通VRF ORANGE上的ASR9901-2。

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-1#ping vrf ORANGE 192.168.10.2
Wed Oct 19 15:57:50.548 UTC
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/3 ms

ASR9901-2可以ping通默认vrf(GRT)上的CISCO2911-3。

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#ping 172.16.20.2
Wed Oct 19 15:58:05.961 UTC
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.20.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/2 ms

如果您尝试测试从ASR9K-1(VRF ORANGE)上的子网192.168.10.0/24到路由器2911上的子网172.16.20.0/24的可达性，此测试必须失败，因为ASR9K-2上未实施任何配置以完成VRF ORANGE与GRT之间的连接。

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-1#ping 172.16.20.2 vrf ORANGE
Wed Oct 19 19:45:11.801 UTC
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.20.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)

配置

第 1 步：在ASR9K-2中配置BGP进程，这是执行路由泄漏的路由器以及需要应用配置的位置。除了创建BGP进程外，还需要使用一些network语句来确保将计划泄漏的前缀安装在相应的BGP表中：

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#show run router bgp
Wed Oct 19 20:21:55.118 UTC
router bgp 100
 bgp router-id 10.10.10.10
 address-family ipv4 unicast
  network 172.16.20.0/24
 !
 address-family vpnv4 unicast
 !
 vrf ORANGE
  rd 100:100
  address-family ipv4 unicast
   network 192.168.10.0/24
  !
 !
!

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#

如您所见，无需创建任何BGP邻居关系，BGP需要将这些前缀放入BGP表中。

第二步：配置路由策略，这些策略旨在帮助您过滤允许泄露的前缀。在本示例中，使用route-policy GLOBAL-2-VRF和route-policy VRF-2-GLOBAL。

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#show run route-policy GLOBAL-2-VRF 
Wed Oct 19 20:37:56.548 UTC
route-policy GLOBAL-2-VRF
  if destination in (172.16.20.0/24) then
    pass
  endif
end-policy
!

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#show run route-policy VRF-2-GLOBAL 
Wed Oct 19 20:38:10.538 UTC
route-policy VRF-2-GLOBAL
  if destination in (192.168.10.0/24 le 32) then
    pass
  endif
end-policy
!

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#

第三步：配置VRF并使用命令import from default-vrf route-policy <policy name>和export to default-vrf route-policy <policy name>应用上一步创建的路由策略，如下面的输出所示：

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#show run vrf ORANGE 
Wed Oct 19 20:40:38.851 UTC
vrf ORANGE
 address-family ipv4 unicast
  import from default-vrf route-policy GLOBAL-2-VRF
  import route-target
   100:100
  !
  export to default-vrf route-policy VRF-2-GLOBAL
  export route-target
   100:100
  !
 !
!

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#

最终验证

提交之前的配置后，您可以验证从ASR9K-1(VRF ORANGE)上的子网192.168.10.0/24到路由器2911上的子网172.16.20.0/24的可达性，该子网最初发生故障。但是，通过适当的配置，此ping测试现在成功：

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-1#ping 172.16.20.2 vrf ORANGE
Wed Oct 19 22:07:47.897 UTC
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.20.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 2/2/3 ms
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-1#

A debug ip icmp 在路由器2911上配置还可以帮助验证路由器是否将回应应答发送回ASR9K-1:

CISCO2911-3#debug ip icmp 
ICMP packet debugging is on
CISCO2911-3#
CISCO2911-3#
*Oct 19 21:34:20.069: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 172.16.20.2, dst 192.168.10.1, topology BASE, dscp 0 topoid 0
*Oct 19 21:34:20.073: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 172.16.20.2, dst 192.168.10.1, topology BASE, dscp 0 topoid 0
*Oct 19 21:34:20.077: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 172.16.20.2, dst 192.168.10.1, topology BASE, dscp 0 topoid 0
*Oct 19 21:34:20.077: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 172.16.20.2, dst 192.168.10.1, topology BASE, dscp 0 topoid 0
*Oct 19 21:34:20.081: ICMP: echo reply sent, src 172.16.20.2, dst 192.168.10.1, topology BASE, dscp 0 topoid 0
CISCO2911-3#  

另一种验证是检查前缀是否出现在RIB和BGP表中，例如，GRT或default-vrf显示以下信息：

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#show route
Wed Oct 19 22:15:03.930 UTC

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, (>) - Diversion path
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - ISIS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, su - IS-IS summary null, * - candidate default
       U - per-user static route, o - ODR, L - local, G  - DAGR, l - LISP
       A - access/subscriber, a - Application route
       M - mobile route, r - RPL, t - Traffic Engineering, (!) - FRR Backup path

Gateway of last resort is not set

C    10.88.174.0/24 is directly connected, 1d20h, MgmtEth0/RSP0/CPU0/0
L    10.88.174.223/32 is directly connected, 1d20h, MgmtEth0/RSP0/CPU0/0
L    10.10.10.10/32 is directly connected, 04:33:44, Loopback100
C 172.16.20.0/24 is directly connected, 07:03:18, GigabitEthernet0/0/0/6
L    172.16.20.1/32 is directly connected, 07:03:18, GigabitEthernet0/0/0/6
B 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, 03:02:21, GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0 (nexthop in vrf ORANGE)
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#show ip bgp
Wed Oct 19 22:15:13.069 UTC
BGP router identifier 10.10.10.10, local AS number 100
BGP generic scan interval 60 secs
Non-stop routing is enabled
BGP table state: Active
Table ID: 0xe0000000   RD version: 5
BGP main routing table version 5
BGP NSR Initial initsync version 3 (Reached)
BGP NSR/ISSU Sync-Group versions 0/0
BGP scan interval 60 secs

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best
              i - internal, r RIB-failure, S stale, N Nexthop-discard
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
   Network            Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 172.16.20.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i *> 192.168.10.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i

Processed 2 prefixes, 2 paths
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#

现在，下一个输出显示了VRF ORANGE的信息：

RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#show route vrf ORANGE 
Wed Oct 19 22:21:24.559 UTC

Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, B - BGP, (>) - Diversion path
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
       i - ISIS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, su - IS-IS summary null, * - candidate default
       U - per-user static route, o - ODR, L - local, G  - DAGR, l - LISP
       A - access/subscriber, a - Application route
       M - mobile route, r - RPL, t - Traffic Engineering, (!) - FRR Backup path

Gateway of last resort is not set

B 172.16.20.0/24 is directly connected, 01:43:49, GigabitEthernet0/0/0/6 (nexthop in vrf default) C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, 07:06:38, GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
L    192.168.10.2/32 is directly connected, 07:06:38, GigabitEthernet0/0/0/0
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#
RP/0/RSP0/CPU0:ASR9901-2#show bgp vrf ORANGE
Wed Oct 19 22:21:34.887 UTC
BGP VRF ORANGE, state: Active
BGP Route Distinguisher: 100:100
VRF ID: 0x60000003
BGP router identifier 10.10.10.10, local AS number 100
Non-stop routing is enabled
BGP table state: Active
Table ID: 0xe0000012   RD version: 9
BGP main routing table version 9
BGP NSR Initial initsync version 4 (Reached)
BGP NSR/ISSU Sync-Group versions 0/0

Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best
              i - internal, r RIB-failure, S stale, N Nexthop-discard
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
   Network            Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
Route Distinguisher: 100:100 (default for vrf ORANGE)
*> 172.16.20.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i *> 192.168.10.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i

Processed 2 prefixes, 2 paths