PIX/ASA 7.x/FWSM 3.x: Translate Multiple Global IP Addresses to a Single Local IP Address using Static Policy NAT

Introduction

This document provides a sample configuration for mapping one local IP address to two or more global IP addresses through policy-based static Network Address Translation (NAT) on the PIX/Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) 7.x software.

Prerequisites

Requirements

Ensure that you meet this requirement before you attempt this configuration:

• Ensure that you have a working knowledge of the PIX/ASA 7.x CLI and prior experience configuring access-lists and static NAT.

Components Used

The information in this document is based on these software and hardware versions:

• This specific example uses an ASA 5520. However the policy NAT configurations work on any PIX or ASA appliance that runs 7.x.

The information in this document was created from the devices in a specific lab environment. All of the devices used in this document started with a cleared (default) configuration. If your network is live, make sure that you understand the potential impact of any command.

Conventions

Refer to the Cisco Technical Tips Conventions for more information on document conventions.

Configure

This configuration example has an internal web server at 192.168.100.50, located behind the ASA. The requirement is that the server needs to be accessible to the outside network interface by its internal IP address of 192.168.100.50 and its external address of 172.16.171.125. There is also a security policy requirement that the private IP address of 192.168.100.50 can only be accessed by the 172.16.171.0/24 network. Additionally, Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) and port 80 traffic are the only protocols allowed inbound to the internal web server. Since there are two global IP addresses mapped to one local IP address, you need to use policy NAT. Otherwise, the PIX/ASA rejects the two one-to-one statics with an overlapping address error.

Note: Use the Command Lookup Tool (registered customers only) to obtain more information on the commands used in this section.

Network Diagram

This document uses this network setup

Configuration

This document uses this configuration.

ciscoasa(config)#show run
: Saved
:
ASA Version 7.2(2)
!
hostname ciscoasa
enable password 8Ry2YjIyt7RRXU24 encrypted
names
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 nameif outside
 security-level 0
 ip address 172.16.171.124 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 nameif inside
 security-level 100
 ip address 192.168.100.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
 shutdown
 no nameif
 no security-level
 no ip address
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/3
 shutdown
 no nameif
 no security-level
 no ip address
!
interface Management0/0
 nameif management
 security-level 100
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
 management-only
!
passwd 2KFQnbNIdI.2KYOU encrypted
ftp mode passive



!--- policy_nat_web1 and policy_nat_web2 are two access-lists that match the source !--- address we want to translate on. Two access-lists are required, though they !--- can be exactly the same.


access-list policy_nat_web1 extended permit ip host 192.168.100.50 any
access-list policy_nat_web2 extended permit ip host 192.168.100.50 any


!--- The inbound_outside access-list defines the security policy, as previously described. !--- This access-list is applied inbound to the outside interface.


access-list inbound_outside extended permit tcp 172.16.171.0 255.255.255.0 
   host 192.168.100.50 eq www
access-list inbound_outside extended permit icmp 172.16.171.0 255.255.255.0 
   host 192.168.100.50 echo-reply
access-list inbound_outside extended permit icmp 172.16.171.0 255.255.255.0 
   host 192.168.100.50 echo
access-list inbound_outside extended permit tcp any host 172.16.171.125 eq www
access-list inbound_outside extended permit icmp any host 172.16.171.125 echo-reply
access-list inbound_outside extended permit icmp any host 172.16.171.125 echo
pager lines 24
logging asdm informational
mtu management 1500
mtu inside 1500
mtu outside 1500
no failover
icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1
no asdm history enable
arp timeout 14400


!--- This first static allows users to reach the translated global IP address of the !--- web server. Since this static appears first in the configuration, for connections !--- initiated outbound from the internal web server, the ASA translates the source !--- address to 172.16.171.125.


static (inside,outside) 172.16.171.125  access-list policy_nat_web1


!--- The second static allows networks to access the web server by its private !--- IP address of 192.168.100.50.



static (inside,outside) 192.168.100.50  access-list policy_nat_web2


!--- Apply the inbound_outside access-list to the outside interface.


access-group inbound_outside in interface outside

route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.171.1 1
timeout xlate 3:00:00
timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02
timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00
timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00
timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute
http server enable
http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 management
no snmp-server location
no snmp-server contact
snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart
telnet timeout 5
ssh timeout 5
console timeout 0
!
class-map inspection_default
 match default-inspection-traffic
!
!
policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
 parameters
  message-length maximum 512
policy-map global_policy
 class inspection_default
  inspect dns preset_dns_map
  inspect ftp
  inspect h323 h225
  inspect h323 ras
  inspect rsh
  inspect rtsp
  inspect esmtp
  inspect sqlnet
  inspect skinny
  inspect sunrpc
  inspect xdmcp
  inspect sip
  inspect netbios
  inspect tftp
!
service-policy global_policy global
prompt hostname context

Verify

This section provides information you can use to confirm your configuration works properly.

The Output Interpreter Tool (registered customers only) (OIT) supports certain show commands. Use the OIT to view an analysis of show command output.

1. On upstream IOS® router 172.16.171.1, verify you can reach both global IP addresses of the web server via the ping command.

   router#ping 172.16.171.125
   
   Type escape sequence to abort.
   Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.171.125, timeout is 2 seconds:
   !!!!!
   Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms
   router#ping 192.168.100.50
   
   Type escape sequence to abort.
   Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.100.50, timeout is 2 seconds:
   !!!!!
   Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms

2. On the ASA, verify that you see the translations that are built in the translation (xlate) table.

   ciscoasa(config)#show xlate global 192.168.100.50
   2 in use, 28 most used
   Global 192.168.100.50 Local 192.168.100.50
   ciscoasa(config)#show xlate global 172.16.171.125
   2 in use, 28 most used
   Global 172.16.171.125 Local 192.168.100.50
   

Troubleshoot

This section provides information you can use to troubleshoot your configuration.

If your ping or connection is unsuccessful, attempt to use syslogs to determine if there are any problems with the translation configuration. On a lightly used network (such as a lab environment), the logging buffer size is usually sufficient for troubleshooting the problem. Otherwise, you need to send the syslogs to an external syslog server. Enable logging to the buffer at level 6 in order to see if the configuration is correct in these syslog entries.

ciscoasa(config)#logging buffered 6
ciscoasa(config)#logging on


!--- From 172.16.171.120, initiate a TCP connection to port 80 to both the external !--- (172.16.171.125) and internal addresses (192.168.100.50).


ciscoasa(config)#show log
Syslog logging: enabled
    Facility: 20
    Timestamp logging: disabled
    Standby logging: disabled
    Deny Conn when Queue Full: disabled
    Console logging: disabled
    Monitor logging: disabled
    Buffer logging: level debugging, 4223 messages logged
    Trap logging: disabled
    History logging: disabled
    Device ID: disabled
    Mail logging: disabled
    ASDM logging: level informational, 4032 messages logged
%ASA-5-111008: User 'enable_15' executed the 'clear logging buffer' command.
%ASA-7-609001: Built local-host outside:172.16.171.120
%ASA-7-609001: Built local-host inside:192.168.100.50
%ASA-6-302013: Built inbound TCP connection 67 for outside:172.16.171.120/33687 
(172.16.171.120/33687) to inside:192.168.100.50/80 (172.16.171.125/80)
%ASA-6-302013: Built inbound TCP connection 72 for outside:172.16.171.120/33689 
(172.16.171.120/33689) to inside:192.168.100.50/80 (192.168.100.50/80)

If you see translation errors in the log, double check your NAT configurations. If you do not observe any syslogs, use the capture function on the ASA to attempt to capture the traffic on the interface. In order to set up a capture, you must first specify an access-list to match on a specific type of traffic or TCP flow. Next, you must apply this capture to one or more interfaces in order to start to capture packets.

!--- Create a capture access-list to match on port 80 traffic to !--- the external IP address of 172.16.171.125. !--- Note: These commands are over two lines due to spatial reasons. 


ciscoasa(config)#access-list acl_capout permit tcp host 172.16.171.120 
     host 172.16.171.125 eq 80
ciscoasa(config)#access-list acl_capout permit tcp host 172.16.171.125 
    eq 80 host 172.16.171.120
ciscoasa(config)#


!--- Apply the capture to the outside interface.
 

ciscoasa(config)#capture capout access-list acl_capout interface outside


!--- After you initiate the traffic, you see output similar to this when you view !--- the capture. Note that packet 1 is the SYN packet from the client, while packet !--- 2 is the SYN-ACK reply packet from the internal server. If you apply a capture !--- on the inside interface, in packet 2 you should see the server reply with !--- 192.168.100.50 as its source address. 

ciscoasa(config)#show capture capout
4 packets captured
   1: 13:17:59.157859 172.16.171.120.21505 > 172.16.171.125.80: S 
      2696120951:2696120951(0) win 4128 <mss 1460>
   2: 13:17:59.159446 172.16.171.125.80 > 172.16.171.120.21505: S 
      1512093091:1512093091(0) ack 2696120952 win 4128 <mss 536>
   3: 13:17:59.159629 172.16.171.120.21505 > 172.16.171.125.80: . 
      ack 1512093092 win 4128
   4: 13:17:59.159873 172.16.171.120.21505 > 172.16.171.125.80: .
      ack 1512093092 win 4128

Related Information

• ASA 7.2 Command Reference
• Cisco PIX Firewall Software
• Cisco Secure PIX Firewall Command References
• Security Product Field Notices (including PIX)
• Requests for Comments (RFCs)
• Technical Support & Documentation - Cisco Systems