Contents

Introduction

Problem

Topology Diagram

Diagnostic

Solution

Conclusion

Introduction

This document describes problem that arises when asymmetric paths are used for traffic forwarding in SD-WAN fabric.

Problem

Secure Shell (SSH) connections can not be established to host2 (hostname - edgeclien2) from host1 (hostname - edgeclien1), but at the same time SSH works fine in reverse direction.

[root@edgeclient2 user]# ssh user@192.168.40.21

user@192.168.40.21's password:

Last login: Sun Feb 10 13:26:32 2019 from 192.168.60.20

[user@edgeclient1 ~]$

[root@edgeclient1 user]# ssh user@192.168.60.20

<nothing happens after that>

or

[user@edgeclient1 ~]$ ssh user@192.168.60.20

ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host

Both edgeclient1 and edgeclient2 SSH daemons and clients have known good configurations and connections can be established from local LAN segment successfully:

vedge4# request execute vpn 40 ssh user@192.168.60.20

user@192.168.60.20's password:

Last login: Sun Feb 10 13:28:23 2019 from 192.168.60.7

[user@edgeclient2 ~]$

All other Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) applications have similar problems.

Topology Diagram

Diagnostic

This Access Control Lists (ACLs) were configured and applied in corresponding directions on service-side interfaces of vEdge1 and vEdge3:

policy

access-list SSH_IN

sequence 10

match

source-ip      192.168.40.21/32

destination-ip 192.168.60.20/32

!

action accept

count SSH_IN

!

!

default-action accept

!

access-list SSH_OUT

sequence 10

match

source-ip      192.168.60.20/32

destination-ip 192.168.40.21/32

!

action accept

count SSH_OUT

!

!

default-action accept

!

!

Mirrored ACL was applied on vEdge4:

policy

access-list SSH_IN

sequence 10

match

source-ip      192.168.60.20/32

destination-ip 192.168.40.21/32

!

action accept

count SSH_IN

!

!

default-action accept

!

access-list SSH_OUT

sequence 10

match

source-ip      192.168.40.21/32

destination-ip 192.168.60.20/32

!

action accept

count SSH_OUT

!

!

default-action accept

!

!

Also app-visibility was enabled on all vEdge routers and flows were checked during SSH connection establishment phase:

vedge1# show app cflowd flows | tab ; show policy access-list-counters

TCP                                                                             TIME    EGRESS  INGRESS

SRC    DEST        IP     CNTRL  ICMP                   TOTAL  TOTAL  MIN  MAX                            TO      INTF    INTF

VPN  SRC IP         DEST IP        PORT   PORT  DSCP  PROTO  BITS   OPCODE  NHOP IP        PKTS   BYTES  LEN  LEN  START TIME                EXPIRE  NAME    NAME

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

40   192.168.40.21  192.168.60.20  47866  22    0     6      24     0       192.168.109.7  3      227    66   87   Sun Feb 17 14:13:25 2019  34      ge0/0   ge0/1

COUNTER

NAME     NAME     PACKETS  BYTES

----------------------------------

SSH_IN   SSH_IN   3        227

SSH_OUT  SSH_OUT  2        140

vedge3# show app cflowd flows | tab ; show policy access-list-counters

TCP                                                                             TIME    EGRESS  INGRESS

SRC   DEST         IP     CNTRL  ICMP                   TOTAL  TOTAL  MIN  MAX                            TO      INTF    INTF

VPN  SRC IP         DEST IP        PORT  PORT   DSCP  PROTO  BITS   OPCODE  NHOP IP        PKTS   BYTES  LEN  LEN  START TIME                EXPIRE  NAME    NAME

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

40   192.168.60.20  192.168.40.21  22    47866  0     6      18     0       192.168.40.21  8      480    60   60   Sun Feb 17 14:14:08 2019  51      ge0/1   ge0/0

COUNTER

NAME     NAME     PACKETS  BYTES

----------------------------------

SSH_IN   SSH_IN   0        0

SSH_OUT  SSH_OUT  7        420

vedge4# show app cflowd flows | tab ; show policy access-list-counters

TCP                                                                             TIME    EGRESS  INGRESS

SRC    DEST         IP     CNTRL  ICMP                   TOTAL  TOTAL  MIN  MAX                            TO      INTF    INTF

VPN  SRC IP         DEST IP        PORT   PORT   DSCP  PROTO  BITS   OPCODE  NHOP IP        PKTS   BYTES  LEN  LEN  START TIME                EXPIRE  NAME    NAME

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

40   192.168.40.21  192.168.60.20  47866  22     0     6      2      0       192.168.60.20  4      240    60   60   Sun Feb 17 14:17:44 2019  37      ge0/2   ge0/0

40   192.168.60.20  192.168.40.21  22     47866  0     6      18     0       192.168.110.6  8      592    74   74   Sun Feb 17 14:17:44 2019  49      ge0/0   ge0/2

COUNTER

NAME     NAME     PACKETS  BYTES

----------------------------------

SSH_IN   SSH_IN   8        592

SSH_OUT  SSH_OUT  4        240

As you can see from these outputs, inbound and outbound flows are asymmetric. edgeclient1 (192.168.40.21) is trying to establish SSH session with edgeclient2 (192.168.60.20) and incoming traffic comes via vEdge1 and return traffic returns via vEdge3. From the ACL counters you can see also that number of incoming and outgoing packets on vEdge4 doesn't match with with sum in corresponding directions on vEdge1 and vEdge3. At the same time, there is no packet loss when testing with ping:

[root@edgeclient1 user]# ping -f 192.168.60.20 -c 10000

PING 192.168.60.20 (192.168.60.20) 56(84) bytes of data.

--- 192.168.60.20 ping statistics ---

10000 packets transmitted, 10000 received, 0% packet loss, time 3076ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.128/0.291/6.607/0.623 ms, ipg/ewma 0.307/0.170 ms

[root@edgeclient2 user]# ping -f 192.168.40.21 -c 10000

PING 192.168.40.21 (192.168.40.21) 56(84) bytes of data.

--- 192.168.40.21 ping statistics ---

10000 packets transmitted, 10000 received, 0% packet loss, time 3402ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.212/0.318/2.766/0.136 ms, ipg/ewma 0.340/0.327 ms

Als recap that SSH works fine in reverse direction and files can be copied over scp/sftp as well without any issues.

Solution

Some Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) configurtion or data policy were suspected initially, but none of them were activated:

vedge3# show policy from-vsmart

% No entries found.

vedge1# show policy from-vsmart

% No entries found.

But eventually it was found that TCP optimization was enabled:

vedge1# show app tcp-opt active-flows

EGRESS  INGRESS

SRC    DEST                            INTF    INTF     TX     RX                  UNOPT   PROXY

VPN  SRC IP         DEST IP        PORT   PORT  START TIME                NAME    NAME     BYTES  BYTES  TCP STATE    REASON  IDENTITY

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

40   192.168.40.21  192.168.60.20  47868  22    Sun Feb 17 14:18:13 2019  ge0_0   ge0_1    314    0      In-progress  -       Client-Proxy

vedge1# show app tcp-opt expired-flows

SRC    DEST                                                       TX     RX                UNOPT   PROXY

TIMESTAMP      VPN  SRC IP         DEST IP        PORT   PORT   START TIME                END TIME                  BYTES  BYTES  TCP STATE  REASON  IDENTITY      DELETE REASON

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1549819969608  40   192.168.40.21  192.168.60.7   22     56612  Sun Feb 10 18:32:49 2019  Sun Feb 10 18:36:03 2019  5649   4405   Optimized  -       Server-Proxy  CLOSED

1549820055487  40   192.168.40.21  192.168.60.7   22     56613  Sun Feb 10 18:34:15 2019  Sun Feb 10 19:07:46 2019  5719   4669   Optimized  -       Server-Proxy  CLOSED

1550408210511  40   192.168.40.21  192.168.60.20  47862  22     Sun Feb 17 13:56:50 2019  Sun Feb 17 13:56:58 2019  401    0      Optimized  -       Client-Proxy  STATE-TIMEOUT

1550408981634  40   192.168.40.21  192.168.60.20  47864  22     Sun Feb 17 14:09:41 2019  Sun Feb 17 14:09:49 2019  401    0      Optimized  -       Client-Proxy  STATE-TIMEOUT

1550409205399  40   192.168.40.21  192.168.60.20  47866  22     Sun Feb 17 14:13:25 2019  Sun Feb 17 14:13:33 2019  227    0      Optimized  -       Client-Proxy  STATE-TIMEOUT

1550409493042  40   192.168.40.21  192.168.60.20  47868  22     Sun Feb 17 14:18:13 2019  Sun Feb 17 14:18:21 2019  401    0      Optimized  -       Client-Proxy  STATE-TIMEOUT

Besides that, in debugs ftm tcpopt CONN_TEARDOWN message can be seen.

vedge1# show log /var/log/tmplog/vdebug tail "-f"

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:50 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpopt_flow_add[268]: Created new tcpflow :- vrid-3 192.168.40.21/47862 192.168.60.20/22

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpd_send_conn_tear_down[388]: Trying to pack and send the following message to TCPD

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpd_send_conn_tear_down[408]: Sending following CONN_TD msg

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpd_send_conn_tear_down[413]: 192.168.40.21:47862->192.168.60.20:22; vpn:40; syn_seq_num:4172167164; identity:0; cport_prime:0

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpd_msgq_tx[354]: Transfering size = 66 bytes data

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpd_send_conn_tear_down[416]: Successfully sent conn_td msg to TCPD

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpopt_propagate_tear_down[1038]: Sent CONN_TEARDOWN msg to tcpd for existing tcpflow :- vrid-3 192.168.40.21/47862 192.168.60.20/22 ; identity:CLIENT_SIDE_PROXY . Send Successful !

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpopt_append_expired_err_flow_tbl[958]: Appending flow vrid-3 192.168.40.21/47862 192.168.60.20/22  to the expired flow table at Sun Feb 17 13:56:58 2019

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpopt_append_expired_err_flow_tbl[980]: Appending flow vrid-3 192.168.40.21/47862 192.168.60.20/22  to the error flow table at Sun Feb 17 13:56:58 2019

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpopt_flow_delete[293]: Removing tcpflow :- vrid-3 192.168.40.21/47862 192.168.60.20/22

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 TCPD[670]: handle_upstream_connect[538]: Error - BP NULL

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpd_msg_decode[254]: FTM-TCPD: Received FTM_TCPD__PB_FTM_TCPD_MSG__E_MSG_TYPE__CONN_CLOSED msg

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpd_handle_conn_closed[139]: FTM-TCPD: Received CONN_CLOSED for following C->S

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpd_handle_conn_closed[150]: 192.168.40.21:47862->192.168.60.20:22; vpn:40; syn_seq_num:4172167164; identity:0; cport_prime:47862; bind_port:0

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpd_handle_conn_closed[184]: FTM-TCPD: Could not find entry in FT for following flow

local7.debug: Feb 17 13:56:58 vedge1 FTMD[662]: ftm_tcpd_handle_conn_closed[185]: vrid-3 192.168.40.21/47862 192.168.60.20/22

And here you can see an example when TCP optimization works properly (CONN_EST message can be seen):

vedge3# show log /var/log/tmplog/vdebug tail "-f -n 0"

local7.debug: Feb 17 15:41:13 vedge3 FTMD[657]: ftm_tcpd_msg_decode[254]: FTM-TCPD: Received FTM_TCPD__PB_FTM_TCPD_MSG__E_MSG_TYPE__CONN_CLOSED msg

local7.debug: Feb 17 15:41:13 vedge3 FTMD[657]: ftm_tcpd_handle_conn_closed[139]: FTM-TCPD: Received CONN_CLOSED for following C->S

local7.debug: Feb 17 15:41:13 vedge3 FTMD[657]: ftm_tcpd_handle_conn_closed[150]: 192.168.40.21:47876->192.168.60.20:22; vpn:40; syn_seq_num:2779178897; identity:0; cport_prime:47876; bind_port:0

local7.debug: Feb 17 15:41:15 vedge3 FTMD[657]: ftm_tcpd_msg_decode[258]: FTM-TCPD: Received FTM_TCPD__PB_FTM_TCPD_MSG__E_MSG_TYPE__CONN_EST msg

local7.debug: Feb 17 15:41:15 vedge3 FTMD[657]: ftm_tcpd_handle_conn_est[202]: FTM-TCPD: Received CONN_EST for following C->S

local7.debug: Feb 17 15:41:15 vedge3 FTMD[657]: ftm_tcpd_handle_conn_est[213]: 192.168.40.21:47878->192.168.60.20:22; vpn:40; syn_seq_num:2690847868; identity:0; cport_prime:47878; bind_port:0

local7.debug: Feb 17 15:41:15 vedge3 FTMD[657]: ftm_tcpopt_flow_add[268]: Created new tcpflow :- vrid-3 192.168.40.21/47878 192.168.60.20/22

Conclusion

TCP optimization requires flows to be symmetric, hence to resolve this problem either TCP optimization must be disabled (no vpn 40 tcp-optimization) or data policy must be created to force TCP flows take same path in both directions.  You can find more information about this in SD-WAN Design Guide section Traffic Symmetry for DPI, page 23.